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In extreme cases, people may pass more than one liter of fluid per hour. More often, individuals will complain of diarrhea with blood, accompanied by extreme abdominal pain, rectal pain and a low-grade fever. Rapid weight loss and muscle aches sometimes also accompany dysentery, while nausea and vomiting are rare.
Diarrhea (American English), also spelled diarrhoea or diarrhœa (British English), is the condition of having at least three loose, liquid, or watery bowel movements in a day. [2] It often lasts for a few days and can result in dehydration due to fluid loss. [2]
Infected individuals who experience symptoms (about 10% have no symptoms) may have diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. [1] Less common symptoms include vomiting and blood in the stool. [1] Symptoms usually begin one to three weeks after exposure and, without treatment, may last two to six weeks or longer. [4]
Abdominal pain [26] Diarrhea [25] Enlargement of the liver (hepatomegaly), the spleen (splenomegaly), or both (hepatosplenomegaly) [25] Hives [25] Acute schistosomiasis self-resolves within 2–8 weeks in most cases, [25] but a small proportion of people have persistent weight loss, diarrhea, diffuse abdominal pain, and rash. [16]
Worrisome or "alarm" features include onset at greater than 50 years of age, weight loss, blood in the stool, or a family history of inflammatory bowel disease. [7] Other conditions that may present similarly include celiac disease , microscopic colitis , inflammatory bowel disease, bile acid malabsorption , and colon cancer .
A persistent (chronic) history of diarrhea, with watery or mushy, unformed stools, (types 6 and 7 on the Bristol stool scale), sometimes with steatorrhea, increased frequency and urgency of defecation are common manifestations, often with fecal incontinence and other gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal swelling, bloating and abdominal pain.
In chronic diarrhea there is no evidence of blood in the stool and there is no sign of infection. The condition may be related to irritable bowel syndrome . [ 1 ] There are various tests that can be performed to rule out other causes of diarrhea that don't fall under the chronic criteria, including blood test, colonoscopy, and even genetic testing.
Bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain may be more prominent features in severe disease. [12] The severity of abdominal pain with UC varies from mild discomfort to very painful bowel movements and abdominal cramping. [14] High frequency of bowel movements, weight loss, nausea, fatigue, and fever are also common during disease flares.