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Islam is the second-largest religion in Europe after Christianity. [2] Although the majority of Muslim communities in Western Europe formed as a result of immigration, [3] there are centuries-old indigenous European Muslim communities in the Balkans, Caucasus, Crimea, and Volga region.
One movement was Islamic Modernism, which was both an attempt to provide an Islamic response to the challenges presented by European colonial expansion, and an effort to reinvigorate and reform Islam from within as a way to counter the perceived weakness and decline of Muslim societies in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
Some themes in modern Islamic thought include: The acknowledgement "with varying degrees of criticism or emulation", of the technological, scientific and legal achievements of the West; while at the same time objecting "to Western colonial exploitation of Muslim countries and the imposition of Western secular values" and aiming to develop a modern and dynamic understanding of science among ...
Learned Muslim captives played a very important role in the spread of Arabic science and philosophy over the Christian world. [22] The liberation of Muslim slaves was a state affair and elevated the popular esteem of the sovereign government. Muslim slaves were either freed or exchanged through special legislation and international treaties. [23]
A Roman Catholic church, Eastern Orthodox church, and Muslim mosque are located in the same square in Bosanska Krupa, Bosnia and Herzegovina.. European Islam, or Euro-Islam, is a hypothesized new branch of Islam [1] that historically originated and developed among the European peoples of the Balkans [2] (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, [3] and Turkey) [4] and parts of countries in ...
Islam [a] is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, [9] and the teachings of Muhammad. [10] Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number 1.9 billion worldwide and are the world's second-largest religious population after Christians. [11] Surah al Fatiha , from the Quran.
The diversity of Muslims in the United States is vast, and so is the breadth of the Muslim American experience. Relaying short anecdotes representative of their everyday lives, nine Muslim Americans demonstrate both the adversities and blessings of Muslim American life.
The history of Islam is believed by most historians [1] to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, [2] [3] although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islām) to the will of God.