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The word periosteum is derived from the Greek peri-, meaning "surrounding", and -osteon, meaning "bone". The peri refers to the fact that the periosteum is the outermost layer of long bones, surrounding other inner layers. [6]
Reconstruction of a Roman peristyle surrounding a courtyard in Pompeii, Italy. In ancient Greek [1] and Roman architecture, [2] a peristyle (/ ˈ p ɛr ɪ ˌ s t aɪ l /; Ancient Greek: περίστυλον, romanized: perístulon) [3] [4] is a continuous porch formed by a row of columns surrounding the perimeter of a building or a courtyard.
The columns are metabolically active, and as bone is reabsorbed and created the nature and location of the cells within the osteon will change. Cortical bone is covered by a periosteum on its outer surface, and an endosteum on its inner surface. The endosteum is the boundary between the cortical bone and the cancellous bone. [11]
It is called the periosteum, or the periosteal surface. During bone growth , the width of the bone increases as osteoblasts lay new bone tissue at the periosteum. To prevent the bone from becoming unnecessarily thick, osteoclasts resorb the bone from the endosteal side.
This newly formed bone can be called "periosteal bone" as it originates from the transformed periosteum. However, considering its developmental pathway, it could be classified as "intramembranous bone". [8] After the formation of the periosteum, chondrocytes in the primary center of ossification begin to grow (hypertrophy).
Osteoblasts are found in large numbers in the periosteum, the thin connective tissue layer on the outside surface of bones, and in the endosteum. Normally, almost all of the bone matrix, in the air breathing vertebrates, is mineralized by the osteoblasts. Before the organic matrix is mineralized, it is called the osteoid.
Skull in situ Human head skull from side Anatomy of a flat bone – the periosteum of the neurocranium is known as the pericranium Human skull from the front Side bones of skull. The human skull is the bone structure that forms the head in the human skeleton. It supports the structures of the face and forms a cavity for the brain. Like the ...
The majority of neonatal cases (90%) result from applying a vacuum to the head at delivery (ventouse-assisted delivery).The vacuum assist ruptures the emissary veins (i.e., connections between dural sinus and scalp veins) leading to accumulation of blood under the aponeurosis of the scalp muscle and superficial to the periosteum.