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Transactional leadership (or transactional management) is a type of leadership style that focuses on the exchange of skills, knowledge, resources, or effort between leaders and their subordinates. This leadership style prioritizes individual interests and extrinsic motivation as means to obtain a desired outcome.
In transactional leadership, leaders promote compliance by followers through both rewards and punishments. Unlike transformational leaders, [4] those using the transactional approach are not looking to change the future, they aim to keep things the same. Transactional leaders pay attention to followers' work in order to find faults and deviations.
A transactional leadership practice is defined by its "trans-actors" who "enact new and unfolding meanings in on-going trans-actions." [50] Actors operating "together-at-once" in a transaction is contrasted with the older model of leadership defined by the practices of actors operating in self-actional or inter-actional way. In the former ...
The TMLQ is composed of 50 items and is designed for adults who work in a team. It represents an extension of the definition of transformational leadership from the individual to the collective. The TMLQ measures team transformational leadership, team transactional leadership, team passive/avoidant behaviors, and team outcomes of leadership.
Leadership behaviors have also been found to be an important predictor of OCB. These behaviors fall into four categories: transformational leadership behavior, transactional leadership behavior, behaviors having to do with the path-goal theory of leadership, and behaviors having to do with the leader-member exchange theory. Transformational ...
Transactional leadership did not predict trust or performance in either population. [ 13 ] Other findings, however, saw a strong presence of transformational and/or transactional leadership in China, India, Kenya , and the U.S. [ 14 ] Allocentrists, similar to collectivists , respond more positively to transformational leadership because they ...
This concept includes both the micro- and the macro- perspectives of leadership behaviors. [21] On the micro-level, researchers have used transformational and transactional leadership styles, [22] while on the macro-level, they have included specific moderators, such as organizational size, structure, strategy, and external environment.
"The schools of transactional philosophy and psychology represent a relatively new approach to the ancient and perennial problems of perceiving and knowing," writes Phillips in the introduction. [6] He adds that the current thinking at the time of his writing was one that denied the uniqueness and human dignity of all people.