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Aphasia, also known as dysphasia, [a] is an impairment in a person’s ability to comprehend or formulate language because of damage to specific brain regions. [2] The major causes are stroke and head trauma; prevalence is hard to determine, but aphasia due to stroke is estimated to be 0.1–0.4% in developed countries. [3]
Transcortical sensory aphasia: individuals have impaired auditory comprehension with intact repetition and fluent speech. [16] Progressive confluent aphasia: A form of frontotemporal dementia characterized by motor speech impairment, agrammatism, laborious speech, and apraxia of speech. It is understood that comprehension of speech and semantic ...
Global aphasia typically results from an occlusion to the trunk of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), [2] which affects a large portion of the perisylvian region of the left cortex. [7] Global aphasia is usually a result of a thrombotic stroke, which occurs when a blood clot forms in the brain's blood vessels.
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Transcortical sensory aphasia is characterized as a fluent aphasia. Fluency is determined by direct qualitative observation of the patient’s speech to determine the length of spoken phrases, and is usually characterized by a normal or rapid rate; normal phrase length, rhythm, melody, and articulatory agility; and normal or paragrammatic speech. [5]
Logopenic progressive aphasia (LPA) is a variant of primary progressive aphasia. [1] It is defined clinically by impairments in naming and sentence repetition. [ 2 ] It is similar to conduction aphasia and is associated with atrophy to the left posterior temporal cortex and inferior parietal lobule .
Transcortical motor aphasia (TMoA), also known as commissural dysphasia or white matter dysphasia, results from damage in the anterior superior frontal lobe of the language-dominant hemisphere. This damage is typically due to cerebrovascular accident (CVA).
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