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  2. Zeno's paradoxes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno's_paradoxes

    This description requires one to complete an infinite number of tasks, which Zeno maintains is an impossibility. [14] This sequence also presents a second problem in that it contains no first distance to run, for any possible first distance could be divided in half, and hence would not be first after all. Hence, the trip cannot even begin.

  3. Twin paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin_paradox

    In their rest frame the distance between the Earth and the star system is α d = 0.6 × 4 = 2.4 light years (length contraction), for both the outward and return journeys. Each half of the journey takes α d / v = 2.4 / 0.8 = 3 years, and the round trip takes twice as long (6 years). Their calculations show that they will arrive home having ...

  4. Length contraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Length_contraction

    An observer at rest observing an object travelling very close to the speed of light would observe the length of the object in the direction of motion as very near zero. Then, at a speed of 13 400 000 m/s (30 million mph, 0.0447 c ) contracted length is 99.9% of the length at rest; at a speed of 42 300 000 m/s (95 million mph, 0.141 c ), the ...

  5. Newton's law of universal gravitation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_law_of_universal...

    The force is proportional to the product of the two masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them: [10] Diagram of two masses attracting one another = where F is the force between the masses; G is the Newtonian constant of gravitation (6.674 × 10 −11 m 3 ⋅kg −1 ⋅s −2);

  6. Diffraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction

    A diffraction pattern of a red laser beam projected onto a plate after passing through a small circular aperture in another plate. Diffraction is the interference or bending of waves around the corners of an obstacle or through an aperture into the region of geometrical shadow of the obstacle/aperture. The diffracting object or aperture ...

  7. Parallax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallax

    Parallax is a displacement or difference in the apparent position of an object viewed along two different lines of sight and is measured by the angle or half-angle of inclination between those two lines. [1][2] Due to foreshortening, nearby objects show a larger parallax than farther objects, so parallax can be used to determine distances.

  8. Bell's spaceship paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell's_spaceship_paradox

    Below: In S′ the distance between the spaceships increases, while the string length stays the same. Bell's spaceship paradox is a thought experiment in special relativity. It was first described by E. Dewan and M. Beran in 1959 [ 1 ] but became more widely known after John Stewart Bell elaborated the idea further in 1976. [ 2 ]

  9. Introduction to the mathematics of general relativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_the...

    A vector, which has a magnitude and direction, would appear on a graph as a line, which is a one-dimensional object. A vector is a first-order tensor, since it holds one direction. A second-order tensor has two magnitudes and two directions, and would appear on a graph as two lines similar to the hands of a clock.