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The geologic time scale or geological time scale (GTS) is a representation of time based on the rock record of Earth. It is a system of chronological dating that uses chronostratigraphy (the process of relating strata to time) and geochronology (a scientific branch of geology that aims to determine the age of rocks).
The Cenozoic, Mesozoic, and Paleozoic are the Eras of the Phanerozoic Eon. Names of units and age boundaries usually follow the Gradstein et al. (2012), Cohen et al. (2012), and Cohen et al. (2013, updated) compilations.
The geologic time scale is the “calendar” for events in Earth history. It subdivides all time into named units of abstract time called—in descending order of duration— eons , eras , periods , epochs , and ages.
GSA Geologic Time Scale. Version 6.0 Updated October 2022. Open PDF. Buy v. 6.0 Poster. Earlier versions: 2018 (v. 5.0) | 2012 (v. 4.0) 2009 (v. 3.0) | 1999 (v. 2.0) 1983 (v. 1.0) Read about the changes to v. 4.0 (2012): Commentary GSA Bulletin Article (Walker, et al. 2013)
Geologic time scale showing the geologic eons, eras, periods, epochs, and associated dates in millions of years ago (MYA).
Time Scaling. Interactive Geological Timescale. This visualisation of the International Commission on Stratigraphy 's Chronostratigraphic Chart uses the SKOS & Time Ontology in OWL representation of it as the Geological Timescale (2020) for its data.
A geologic time scale is composed of standard stratigraphic divisions based on rock sequences and is calibrated in years (Harland and others, 1982). Over the years, the development of new dating methods and the refinement of previous methods have stimulated revisions to geologic time scales.
This paper is intended to provide a general overview of geologic time scales. The most comprehensive treatment of the geologic time scale is contained in the recent publication of Gradstein et al. (2012), the most current defi nitive work on the geologic time scale from a global perspective.
Stratigraphic Chart - GTS2020. Please note that usage for non-profit educational purposes is permitted. Ages of this chart are according to "Geologic Time Scale 2020" by Felix M. Gradstein, James G. Ogg, Mark D. Schmitz, and Gabi M. Ogg, (2020, Elsevier). Archive of past charts available here.
Scientists have put together the geologic time scale to describe the order and duration of major events on Earth for the last 4 1 ⁄ 2 billion years. Some examples of events listed on the geologic time scale include the first appearance of plant life on Earth, the first appearance of animals on Earth, the formation of Earth’s mountains, and ...