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1.2 million nervous system cancers (2015)[5] Deaths. 228,800 (worldwide, 2015)[6] A brain tumoroccurs when abnormal cells form within the brain.[2] There are two main types of tumors: malignant (cancerous) tumors and benign(non-cancerous) tumors.[2] These can be further classified as primary tumors, which start within the brain, and ...
Stereotactic surgery is a minimally invasive form of surgical intervention that makes use of a three-dimensional coordinate system to locate small targets inside the body and to perform on them some action such as ablation, biopsy, lesion, injection, stimulation, implantation, radiosurgery (SRS), etc. In theory, any organ system inside the body ...
Computed tomography (CT) has become the diagnostic modality of choice for head trauma due to its accuracy, reliability, safety, and wide availability. The changes in microcirculation, impaired auto-regulation, cerebral edema, and axonal injury start as soon as head injury occurs and manifest as clinical, biochemical, and radiological changes.
Pathogenesis. A meningioma is a benign brain tumor. It originates from the arachnoid (not the dura), the tissue covering the brain and spinal cord lying deep to the dura. Meningiomas are much more common in females, and are more common after 50 years of age. Of all cranial meningiomas, about 20% of them are in the sphenoid wing.
A vestibular schwannoma (VS), also called acoustic neuroma, is a benign tumor that develops on the vestibulocochlear nerve that passes from the inner ear to the brain. The tumor originates when Schwann cells that form the insulating myelin sheath on the nerve malfunction. Normally, Schwann cells function beneficially to protect the nerves which ...
Glioblastoma. Glioblastoma, previously known as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is the most aggressive and most common type of cancer that originates in the brain, and has a very poor prognosis for survival. [ 6 ][ 7 ][ 8 ] Initial signs and symptoms of glioblastoma are nonspecific. [ 1 ] They may include headaches, personality changes, nausea ...
Meningioma, also known as meningeal tumor, is typically a slow-growing tumor that forms from the meninges, the membranous layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord. [ 1 ] Symptoms depend on the location and occur as a result of the tumor pressing on nearby tissue. [ 3 ][ 6 ] Many cases never produce symptoms. [ 2 ]
Symptoms and signs. The symptoms of brain stem tumors vary greatly and can include ataxia, cranial nerve palsy, headaches, problems with speech and swallowing, hearing loss, weakness, hemiparesis, vision abnormalities, ptosis, and behavioral changes. Another possible symptom is vomiting. Headaches related to brainstem tumors may be worse ...