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e. In programming language theory, lazy evaluation, or call-by-need, [ 1 ] is an evaluation strategy which delays the evaluation of an expression until its value is needed (non-strict evaluation) and which also avoids repeated evaluations (by the use of sharing). [ 2 ][ 3 ] The benefits of lazy evaluation include: The ability to define control ...
An array language simplifies programming but possibly at a cost known as the abstraction penalty. [3] [4] [5] Because the additions are performed in isolation from the rest of the coding, they may not produce the optimally most efficient code. (For example, additions of other elements of the same array may be subsequently encountered during the ...
By 1963 (or possibly earlier), J. J. Stone (and others) recognized that Reed Solomon codes could use the BCH scheme of using a fixed generator polynomial, making such codes a special class of BCH codes, [4] but Reed Solomon codes based on the original encoding scheme, are not a class of BCH codes, and depending on the set of evaluation points ...
Lazy initialization. In computer programming, lazy initialization is the tactic of delaying the creation of an object, the calculation of a value, or some other expensive process until the first time it is needed. It is a kind of lazy evaluation that refers specifically to the instantiation of objects or other resources.
Reed–Muller codes are linear block codes that are locally testable, locally decodable, and list decodable. These properties make them particularly useful in the design of probabilistically checkable proofs. Traditional Reed–Muller codes are binary codes, which means that messages and codewords are binary strings.
CMA-ES. hide. Covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES) is a particular kind of strategy for numerical optimization. Evolution strategies (ES) are stochastic, derivative-free methods for numerical optimization of non- linear or non- convex continuous optimization problems. They belong to the class of evolutionary algorithms and ...
In cases where the function in question has multiple roots, it can be difficult to control, via choice of initialization, which root (if any) is identified by Newton's method. For example, the function f ( x ) = x ( x 2 − 1)( x − 3)e −( x − 1) 2 /2 has roots at −1, 0, 1, and 3. [ 13 ]
A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is an error-detecting code commonly used in digital networks and storage devices to detect accidental changes to digital data. [ 1 ][ 2 ] Blocks of data entering these systems get a short check value attached, based on the remainder of a polynomial division of their contents.