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The El-Assaads are considered as "Bakaweit" (title of nobility plural of "Bek" granted to a few wealthy families in Lebanon in the early 18th century), and previously considered princes, however titles have changed over time. [43] [44] During the El-Assaad era, provincial governors operated with the consent of local clans.
Lebanon is located at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterlands. [13] Lebanon has a population of more than five million people and covers an area of 10,452 square kilometres (4,036 sq mi). Beirut is the country's capital and largest city. The earliest evidence of human civilization in Lebanon dates back to 5000 BC. [14]
8th century BC. The reign of king Pygmalion of Tyre ends. Hiram II becomes king of Tyre. Mattan II succeeds Hiram II as king. The Assyrians under king Shalmaneser V start a four-year siege of Tyre that ends in 720 BC. Judah, Tyre and Sidon revolt against Assyria. The Assyrian siege of Tyre by king Sennacherib.
Bronze Age. The area was first recorded in history around 4000 BC as a group of coastal cities and a heavily forested hinterland. [citation needed] It was inhabited by the Canaanites, a Semitic people, whom the Greeks called "Phoenicians" because of the purple (phoinikies) dye they sold. These early inhabitants referred to themselves as "men of ...
Beirut (/ b eɪ ˈ r uː t / bay-ROOT; [3] Arabic: بيروت, romanized: Bayrūt ⓘ / b eɪ ˈ r uː t /) is the capital and largest city of Lebanon.As of 2014, Greater Beirut has a population of 2.5 million, [4] which makes it the third-largest city in the Levant region and the thirteenth-largest in the Arab world.
Culture of Lebanon. The culture of Lebanon and the Lebanese people emerged from Phoenicia and through various civilizations over thousands of years. It was home to the Phoenicians and was subsequently conquered and occupied by the Assyrians, the Greeks, the Romans, the Persians, the Arabs, the Crusaders, the Ottomans and the French.
This especially affected the southern Shia community, as Israeli invasion of southern Lebanon in 1978, 1982, and 1996 prompted waves of mass emigration, in addition to the continual strain of occupation and fighting between Israel and Hezbollah (mainly 1982 to 2000). Many Shias from Southern Lebanon resettled in the suburbs south of Beirut.
In 1861, the "Mount Lebanon" autonomous district was established within the Ottoman system, under an international guarantee. [4] The Maronite Catholics and the Druze founded modern Lebanon in the early eighteenth century, through the ruling and social system known as the "Maronite-Druze dualism" in Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate. [27]