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These values are used to calculate an E value for the estimate and a standard deviation (SD) as L-estimators, where: E = (a + 4m + b) / 6 SD = (b − a) / 6. E is a weighted average which takes into account both the most optimistic and most pessimistic estimates provided. SD measures the variability or uncertainty in the estimate.
Typically when a mean is calculated it is important to know the variance and standard deviation about that mean. When a weighted mean is used, the variance of the weighted sample is different from the variance of the unweighted sample. The biased weighted sample variance ^ is defined similarly to the normal biased sample variance ^:
The Blume beta shrinks the estimated OLS beta towards a mean of 1, calculating the weighted average of 2/3 times the historical OLS beta plus 1/3. A version based on monthly rates of return is widely distributed by Capital IQ and quoted on all financial websites.
Weighted average cost of capital equation: WACC= (W d)[(K d)(1-t)]+ (W pf)(K pf)+ (W ce)(K ce) Cost of new equity should be the adjusted cost for any underwriting fees termed flotation costs (F): K e = D 1 /P 0 (1-F) + g; where F = flotation costs, D 1 is dividends, P 0 is price of the stock, and g is the growth rate. There are 3 ways of ...
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It is a measure used to evaluate the performance of regression or forecasting models. It is a variant of MAPE in which the mean absolute percent errors is treated as a weighted arithmetic mean. Most commonly the absolute percent errors are weighted by the actuals (e.g. in case of sales forecasting, errors are weighted by sales volume). [3]
In finance, volume-weighted average price (VWAP) is the ratio of the value of a security or financial asset traded to the total volume of transactions during a trading session. It is a measure of the average trading price for the period. [1] Typically, the indicator is computed for one day, but it can be measured between any two points in time.
Soaring retail and institutional interest in cryptocurrency last year also led to a boom criminal activity that cost investors billions. Data: Crypto scams, hacks cost investors $14 billion in ...