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An urban area [a] is a human settlement with a high population density and an infrastructure of built environment. This is the core of a metropolitan statistical area in the United States, if it contains a population of more than 50,000. [2] Urban areas originate through urbanization, and researchers categorize them as cities, towns ...
Exurbs can be defined in terms of population density across the extended urban area, for example "the urban core (old urban areas including Siming and Huli, where the population density is greater than 51 persons per ha), the suburban zone (old urban and new urban transitional zones including Haicang and Jimei, where the population density is ...
Measures for urban sprawl in Europe: upper left the Dispersion of the built-up area (DIS), upper right the weighted urban proliferation (WUP). The term urban sprawl was often used in the letters between Lewis Mumford and Frederic J. Osborn, [17] firstly by Osborn in his 1941 letter to Mumford and later by Mumford, generally condemning the waste of agricultural land and landscape due to ...
Urbanization over the past 500 years [13] A global map illustrating the first onset and spread of urban centres around the world, based on. [14]From the development of the earliest cities in Indus valley civilization, Mesopotamia and Egypt until the 18th century, an equilibrium existed between the vast majority of the population who were engaged in subsistence agriculture in a rural context ...
The construction of urban areas is facilitated through urban planning and architecture. To combat the negative environmental effects of urban development, green infrastructure such as community gardens and parks, sewage and waste systems, and the use of solar energy have been implemented in many cities.
A renaissance in the development of urban ecology occurred in the 1990s that was initiated by the US National Science in funding two urban long-term ecological research centers and this promoted the study of urban ecology. [14] The field of urban ecology is rapidly expanding, with an increasing number of dedicated research centers emerging.
Urbanism is the study of how inhabitants of urban areas, such as towns and cities, interact with the built environment. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is a direct component of disciplines such as urban planning , a profession focusing on the design and management of urban areas, and urban sociology , an academic field which studies urban life.
Settlement geography is a branch of human geography that investigates the Earth's surface's part settled by humans. According to the United Nations' Vancouver Declaration on Human Settlements (1976), "human settlements means the totality of the human community – whether city, town or village – with all the social, material, organizational, spiritual and cultural elements that sustain it."