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  2. Memory model (programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_model_(programming)

    The final revision of the proposed memory model, C++ n2429, [6] was accepted into the C++ draft standard at the October 2007 meeting in Kona. [7] The memory model was then included in the next C++ and C standards, C++11 and C11. [8] [9] The Rust programming language inherited most of C/C++'s memory model. [10]

  3. Java memory model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_memory_model

    The Java memory model was the first attempt to provide a comprehensive memory model for a popular programming language. [6] It was justified by the increasing prevalence of concurrent and parallel systems, and the need to provide tools and technologies with clear semantics for such systems.

  4. Multiple instruction, multiple data - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_instruction...

    Another advantage is that memory coherence is managed by the operating system and not the written program. Two known disadvantages are: scalability beyond thirty-two processors is difficult, and the shared memory model is less flexible than the distributed memory model. [4] There are many examples of shared memory (multiprocessors): UMA ...

  5. Concurrent computing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrent_computing

    Concurrent programming languages and multiprocessor programs must have a consistency model (also known as a memory model). The consistency model defines rules for how operations on computer memory occur and how results are produced. One of the first consistency models was Leslie Lamport's sequential consistency model. Sequential consistency is ...

  6. Partitioned global address space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partitioned_global_address...

    A PGAS memory model is featured in various parallel programming languages and libraries, including: Coarray Fortran, Unified Parallel C, Split-C, Fortress, Chapel, X10, UPC++, Coarray C++, Global Arrays, DASH and SHMEM. The PGAS paradigm is now an integrated part of the Fortran language, as of Fortran 2008 which standardized coarrays.

  7. Instruction set architecture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_set_architecture

    In early 1960s computers, main memory was expensive and very limited, even on mainframes. Minimizing the size of a program to make sure it would fit in the limited memory was often central. Thus the size of the instructions needed to perform a particular task, the code density, was an important characteristic of any instruction set. It remained ...

  8. Memory model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_model

    Memory model (programming) describes how threads interact through memory Java memory model; Consistency model; Memory model (addressing scheme), an addressing scheme for computer memory address space Flat memory model; Paged memory model; Segmented memory; One of the x86 memory models

  9. Double-checked locking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-checked_locking

    The original form of the pattern, appearing in Pattern Languages of Program Design 3, [2] has data races, depending on the memory model in use, and it is hard to get right. Some consider it to be an anti-pattern. [3] There are valid forms of the pattern, including the use of the volatile keyword in Java and explicit memory barriers in C++. [4]