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Thelema (/ θ ə ˈ l iː m ə /) is a Western esoteric and occult social or spiritual philosophy [1] and a new religious movement founded in the early 1900s by Aleister Crowley (1875–1947), an English writer, mystic, occultist, and ceremonial magician. [2]
Through various exercises and practices, the aspirant attains certain spiritual and mental states that are characterized by the various sephiroth that ascend the Tree. Crowley considered a deep understanding of the Qabalah to be essential to the Thelemite. [d] [e] The practice of the Middle Pillar is especially important. [7]
Crowley's theological beliefs were not clear. The historian Ronald Hutton noted that some of Crowley's writings could be used to argue that he was an atheist, [231] while some support the idea that he was a polytheist, [240] and others would bolster the idea that he was a mystical monotheist. [247]
Crowley's intention was to demystify the practice of magick, making it more accessible to serious students of the occult. He emphasized that magick should be approached with the same rigor and precision as scientific inquiry, coining the famous phrase: "Magick is the Science and Art of causing Change to occur in conformity with Will."
This declaration comports with Crowley's belief in the supremacy of True Will, challenging traditional religious beliefs. [17] By placing humanity at the center of spiritual experience, Crowley underscores his belief in the importance of self-determination and personal freedom, setting the stage for the rights and freedoms outlined in OZ. [18]
These practices are outlined in Crowley's works, including Magick (Book 4), and their importance is discussed by scholars such as Richard Kaczynski and Egil Asprem. [25] In addition to these practices, the aspirant must undergo a period of intense introspection and self-examination.
Crowley's teachings on True Will have influenced a wide range of spiritual and philosophical traditions, contributing to a broader understanding of purpose and self-realization. [4] In modern esoteric practices, True Will has been incorporated into various traditions, including Neopagan witchcraft, chaos magic, and other occult practices. These ...
Crowley first described the rite in a tract titled Eroto-Comatose Lucidity. [7] The ritual as described by Crowley involves one "ritualist-seer" and several aides. [1] [8] Donald Michael Kraig advises that the more sexually experienced the aides are, the better the ritual works, [1] and that the aides be members of the opposite sex. [1]