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* Normal human body temperature is 36.8 °C ±0.7 °C, or 98.2 °F ±1.3 °F. The commonly given value 98.6 °F is simply the exact conversion of the nineteenth-century German standard of 37 °C. Since it does not list an acceptable range, it could therefore be said to have excess (invalid) precision.
Fahrenheit Celsius Réaumur Temperature Absolute zero: 0 K 0 °Ra −459.67 °F −273.15 °C -218.52 °Ré Freezing point of brine [a] 255.37 K 459.67 °Ra 0 °F −17.78 °C −14.224 °Ré Freezing point of water [b] 273.15 K 491.67 °Ra 32 °F 0 °C 0 °Ré Boiling point of water [c] 373.1339 K 671.64102 °Ra 211.97102 °F 99.9839 °C
Common scales of temperature measured in degrees: Celsius (°C) Fahrenheit (°F) Rankine (°R or °Ra), which uses the Fahrenheit scale, adjusted so that 0 degrees Rankine is equal to absolute zero. Unlike the degree Fahrenheit and degree Celsius, the kelvin is no longer referred to or written as a degree (but was before 1967 [1] [2] [3]). The ...
The degree Celsius (°C) can refer to a specific temperature on the Celsius scale as well as a unit to indicate a temperature interval (a difference between two temperatures). From 1744 until 1954, 0 °C was defined as the freezing point of water and 100 °C was defined as the boiling point of water, both at a pressure of one standard atmosphere.
Most scientists measure temperature using the Celsius scale and thermodynamic temperature using the Kelvin scale, which is the Celsius scale offset so that its null point is 0 K = −273.15 °C, or absolute zero. Many engineering fields in the US, notably high-tech and US federal specifications (civil and military), also use the Kelvin and ...
Consider a gas in cylinder with a free floating piston resting on top of a volume of gas V 1 at a temperature T 1. If the gas is heated so that the temperature of the gas goes up to T 2 while the piston is allowed to rise to V 2 as in Figure 1, then the pressure is kept the same in this process due to the free floating piston being allowed to ...
The rate of heat flow is the amount of heat that is transferred per unit of time in some material, usually measured in watts (joules per second). Heat is the flow of thermal energy driven by thermal non-equilibrium, so the term 'heat flow' is a redundancy (i.e. a pleonasm).
(Note - the relation between pressure, volume, temperature, and particle number which is commonly called "the equation of state" is just one of many possible equations of state.) If we know all k+2 of the above equations of state, we may reconstitute the fundamental equation and recover all thermodynamic properties of the system.