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Depiction of a hydrogen atom showing the diameter as about twice the Bohr model radius. (Image not to scale) A hydrogen atom is an atom of the chemical element hydrogen.The electrically neutral hydrogen atom contains a single positively charged proton in the nucleus, and a single negatively charged electron bound to the nucleus by the Coulomb force.
The Bohr model of the hydrogen atom (Z = 1) or a hydrogen-like ion (Z > 1), where the negatively charged electron confined to an atomic shell encircles a small, positively charged atomic nucleus and where an electron jumps between orbits, is accompanied by an emitted or absorbed amount of electromagnetic energy (hν). [1]
Hydrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol H and atomic number 1. It is the lightest element and, at standard conditions, is a gas of diatomic molecules with the formula H 2, sometimes called dihydrogen, [11] hydrogen gas, molecular hydrogen, or simply hydrogen. It is colorless, odorless, [12] non-toxic, and highly combustible.
3 and e − state but decays in around 1 ps. [5] The unstable ground state designated 2p 2 E' spontaneously breaks up into a H 2 molecule and an H atom. [1] Rotationless states have a longer life time than rotating molecules. [1] The electronic state for a trihydrogen cation with an electron delocalized around it is a Rydberg state. [6]
Consider two states of the hydrogen atom: State n = 1, ℓ = 0, m ℓ = 0 and m s = + 1 / 2 State n = 2, ℓ = 0, m ℓ = 0 and m s = − 1 / 2 By quantum theory, state 1 has a fixed energy of E 1, and state 2 has a fixed energy of E 2. Now, what would happen if an electron in state 1 were to move to state 2?
The Bohr model was later replaced by quantum mechanics in which the electron occupies an atomic orbital rather than an orbit, but the allowed energy levels of the hydrogen atom remained the same as in the earlier theory. Spectral emission occurs when an electron transitions, or jumps, from a higher energy state to a lower energy state.
The Bohr radius ( ) is a physical constant, approximately equal to the most probable distance between the nucleus and the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state. It is named after Niels Bohr, due to its role in the Bohr model of an atom. Its value is 5.291 772 105 44 (82) × 10 −11 m. [1] [2]
In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, the electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule (or other physical structure) in atomic or molecular orbitals. [1] For example, the electron configuration of the neon atom is 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 , meaning that the 1s, 2s, and 2p subshells are occupied by two, two, and six ...