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Early uses of the term Nyquist frequency, such as those cited above, are all consistent with the definition presented in this article.Some later publications, including some respectable textbooks, call twice the signal bandwidth the Nyquist frequency; [6] [7] this is a distinctly minority usage, and the frequency at twice the signal bandwidth is otherwise commonly referred to as the Nyquist rate.
Fig 1: Typical example of Nyquist frequency and rate. They are rarely equal, because that would require over-sampling by a factor of 2 (i.e. 4 times the bandwidth). In signal processing , the Nyquist rate , named after Harry Nyquist , is a value equal to twice the highest frequency ( bandwidth ) of a given function or signal.
The Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem is an essential principle for digital signal processing linking the frequency range of a signal and the sample rate required to avoid a type of distortion called aliasing.
The corresponding frequency limit, in cycles per second , is cycle/sample × samples/second = /, known as the Nyquist frequency of the sampler. Therefore, s ( t ) {\displaystyle s(t)} is usually the output of a low-pass filter , functionally known as an anti-aliasing filter .
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In signal processing the critical frequency it is also another name for the Nyquist frequency. Critical frequency is the highest magnitude of frequency above which the waves penetrate the ionosphere and below which the waves are reflected back from the ionosphere. It is denoted by "f c". Its value is not fixed and it depends upon the electron ...
The Nyquist rate is defined as twice the bandwidth of the signal. Oversampling is capable of improving resolution and signal-to-noise ratio, and can be helpful in avoiding aliasing and phase distortion by relaxing anti-aliasing filter performance requirements. A signal is said to be oversampled by a factor of N if it is sampled at N times the ...
Nyquist's original paper also provided the generalized noise for components having partly reactive response, e.g., sources that contain capacitors or inductors. [6] Such a component can be described by a frequency-dependent complex electrical impedance (). The formula for the power spectral density of the series noise voltage is