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Ordinal data is a categorical, statistical data type where the variables have natural, ordered categories and the distances between the categories are not known. [1]: 2 These data exist on an ordinal scale, one of four levels of measurement described by S. S. Stevens in 1946.
Level of measurement or scale of measure is a classification that describes the nature of information within the values assigned to variables. [1] Psychologist Stanley Smith Stevens developed the best-known classification with four levels, or scales, of measurement: nominal , ordinal , interval , and ratio .
Nominal-polytomous, where the respondent has more than two unordered options. The nominal scale, also called the categorical variable scale, is defined as a scale used for labeling variables into distinct classifications and does not involve a quantitative value or order. Ordinal-polytomous, where the respondent has more than two ordered options
Scales constructed should be representative of the construct that it intends to measure. [6] It is possible that something similar to the scale a person intends to create will already exist, so including those scale(s) and possible dependent variables in one's survey may increase validity of one's scale.
It is when a Likert scale is symmetric and equidistant that it will behave more like an interval-level measurement. So while a Likert scale is indeed ordinal, if well presented it may nevertheless approximate an interval-level measurement. This can be beneficial since, if it was treated just as an ordinal scale, then some valuable information ...
Phrase completion scales are a type of psychometric scale used in questionnaires. Developed in response to the problems associated with Likert scales , phrase completions are concise, unidimensional measures that tap ordinal level data in a manner that approximates interval level data.
An example of a composite measure is an IQ test, which gives a single score based on a series of responses to various questions. Three common composite measures include: indexes - measures that summarize and rank specific observations, usually on the ordinal scale; [1]
Definition: Guttman scale is a data set for which there exists an ordinal variable, X, with a finite number m of categories, say, 1,...,m with m≥ max j (k j) and a permutation of subjects' profiles such that each variable in the data set is a simple function of X.