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MEMS hydrogen sensor – The combination of nanotechnology and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology allows the production of a hydrogen microsensor that functions properly at room temperature. One type of MEMS-based hydrogen sensor is coated with a film consisting of nanostructured indium oxide (In 2 O 3) and tin oxide (SnO 2). [7]
The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) is one of the most promising CO 2-free nuclear technique to produce hydrogen by splitting water in a large scale. In this method, iodine-sulfur (IS) thermo-chemical cycle for splitting water and high-temperature steam electrolysis (HTSE) were selected as the main processes for nuclear hydrogen ...
The Hydrogen Index (HI) of a material is defined as the ratio of the concentration of hydrogen atoms per cm 3 in the material, to that of pure water at 75 °F. As hydrogen atoms are present in both water and oil-filled reservoirs, measurement of the amount allows estimation of the amount of liquid-filled porosity.
It is necessary to measure temperatures of both the condensation and evaporation, because the dew point is the equilibrium temperature at which water both condense and evaporate at the same rate. When cooling the mirror, the temperature keeps dropping after it has reached the dew point thus, the condensation temperature measurement is lower ...
Ultrahigh-pressure electrolysis is high-pressure electrolysis operating at 340–690 bars (5,000–10,000 psi). [8] At ultra-high pressures the water solubility and cross-permeation across the membrane of H 2 and O 2 is affecting hydrogen purity, modified PEMs are used to reduce cross-permeation in combination with catalytic H 2 /O 2 recombiners to maintain H 2 levels in O 2 and O 2 levels in ...
Since water is often considered harmless to the environment, an engine burning it can be considered "zero emissions". In aviation, however, water vapor emitted in the atmosphere contributes to global warming (to a lesser extent than CO 2). [11] Liquid hydrogen also has a much higher specific energy than gasoline, natural gas, or diesel. [12]
Theoretical thermal water splitting efficiencies. [11]60% efficient at 1000°C Steam reforming of hydrocarbons to hydrogen is 70-85% efficient [12]. High temperature electrolysis is more efficient economically than traditional room-temperature electrolysis because some of the energy is supplied as heat, which is cheaper than electricity, and also because the electrolysis reaction is more ...
CEM systems can also measure air flow, flue gas opacity and moisture. A monitoring system that measures particulate matter is referred to as a PEMS. In the U.S., the EPA requires a data acquisition and handling system to collect and report the data. Measurements of concentration can be converted to mass/hour by including flow rate measurements.
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