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NMO and multiple sclerosis (MS) can be similar in clinical and radiological presentation, and MS may very rarely present with an NMO-like phenotype (e.g. in patients with long-standing MS resulting in confluent spinal cord lesions mimicking the longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesions typically seen in NMO). In consequence, NMO was in the ...
For example, there are some cases of NMO, misidentified as MS and treated with interferon-beta by mistake. Some of these patients developed tumefactive lesions. [18] [19] Anyway, it is important to have into account that NMO itself can also produce them [20] [21]
Devic's disease and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) (sometimes previously called optic-spinal MS) Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis or ADEM, a closely related disorder in which a known virus or vaccine triggers autoimmunity against myelin. Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis, possibly a variant of Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
AQP4-Ab-negative NMO presents problems for diagnosis. The behavior of the oligoclonal bands respect MS [clarification needed] can help to establish a more accurate diagnosis. Oligoclonal bands in NMO are rare and they tend to disappear after the attacks, while in MS they are nearly always present and persistent. [13]
Inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs), sometimes called Idiopathic (IIDDs) due to the unknown etiology of some of them, are a heterogenous group of demyelinating diseases - conditions that cause damage to myelin, the protective sheath of nerve fibers - that occur against the background of an acute or chronic inflammatory process.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease resulting in damage to the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. [3] As a demyelinating disease, MS disrupts the nervous system's ability to transmit signals, resulting in a range of signs and symptoms, including physical, mental, and sometimes psychiatric problems.
Most patients are seronegative for NMO-IgG and GFAP, biomarkers for neuromyelitis optica. [3] ANA, indicative of autoimmune optic neuropathy , is also generally negative. [ 3 ] CSF can also be evaluated for oligoclonal bands typical of multiple sclerosis, which will not be present in CRION. [ 1 ]
MS is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that develops in genetically susceptible individuals after exposure to unknown environmental trigger(s). The bases for MS are unknown but are strongly suspected to involve immune reactions against autoantigens, particularly myelin proteins.
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