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Smart cards can provide personal identification, authentication, data storage, and application processing. [2] Applications include identification, financial, public transit, computer security, schools, and healthcare. Smart cards may provide strong security authentication for single sign-on (SSO) within organizations.
A Secure Access Module (SAM), also known as a Secure Application Module, is a piece of cryptographic hardware typically used by smart card card readers to perform mutual key authentication. [1] [2] [3] SAMs can be used to manage access in a variety of contexts, such as public transport fare collection and point of sale devices.
However, computational performance of smart cards is often rather limited because of extreme low power consumption and ultra-thin form-factor requirements. Smart-card-based USB tokens which contain a smart card chip inside provide the functionality of both USB tokens and smart cards.
Initial sign-on prompts the user for the smart card. Additional software applications also use the smart card, without prompting the user to re-enter credentials. Smart-card-based single sign-on can either use certificates or passwords stored on the smart card.
During the smart card lifecycle, the smart card is changing state (examples of such states include issued, blocked and revoked), the process of taking a smart card from one state to another, is the main responsibility of a smart card management system. Different smart card management systems call these processes by different names.
Encryption and/or authentication of documents (e.g., the XML Signature or XML Encryption standards if documents are encoded as XML); Authentication of users to applications (e.g., smart card logon, client authentication with SSL/TLS). There's experimental usage for digitally signed HTTP authentication in the Enigform and mod_openpgp projects;
The Geneva Conventions Identification Card is the most common CAC and is given to active duty/reserve armed forces and uniformed service members. The Geneva Convention Accompany Forces Card is issued to emergency-essential civilian personnel. The ID and Privilege Common Access Card is for civilians residing on military installations.
One form of eID is an electronic identification card (eIC), which is a physical identity card that can be used for online and offline personal identification or authentication. The eIC is a smart card in ID-1 format of a regular bank card , with identity information printed on the surface (such as personal details and a photograph) and in an ...