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Europe and the American Civil War (2nd ed. 1969). Klees, June. "External Threats and Consequences: John Bull Rhetoric in Northern Political Culture during the United States Civil War." Advances in the History of Rhetoric 10#1 (2007): 73–104. Mahin, Dean B. One war at a time: the international dimensions of the American Civil War (Potomac ...
France and the American Civil War. A diplomatic history (2019; Sexton, Jay. "Civil War Diplomacy." in Aaron Sheehan-Dean ed., A Companion to the US Civil War (2014): 741–762. Sexton, Jay. "Toward a synthesis of foreign relations in the Civil War era, 1848–77." American Nineteenth Century History 5.3 (2004): 50–73. Thomas, Benjamin P. and ...
The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union [e] ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), which was formed in 1861 by states that had seceded from the Union.
Civil War History 54#1 (2008): 63-86. Jones, Howard. Blue and Gray Diplomacy: A History of Union and Confederate Foreign Relations (2010). online; Jordan, Donaldson, and Edwin J. Pratt. Europe and the American Civil War (2nd ed. 1969). chap. 13; Owsley, Frank L. King Cotton Diplomacy: Foreign Relations of the Confederate States of America (1931 ...
The second Confederate Constitution was finally adopted on February 22, 1862, one year into the American Civil War, and did not specifically include a provision allowing states to secede; the Preamble spoke of each state "acting in its sovereign and independent character" but also of the formation of a "permanent federal government". During the ...
Before the American Civil War, the United States was known as the "United States' federal union", a union of states controlled by the federal government in Washington, D.C. [8] [9] This was opposite to the CSA's first government, a confederation of independent states, functioning similarly to the European Union.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland remained officially neutral throughout the American Civil War (1861–1865). It legally recognized the belligerent status of the Confederate States of America (CSA) but never recognized it as a nation and neither signed a treaty with it nor ever exchanged ambassadors.
This Terrible War: The Civil War and its Aftermath (2nd ed.). Longman. ISBN 9780321125583. Goldfield, David (2011). America Aflame: How the Civil War Created a Nation. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 9781608193745. Guelzo, Allen C. (2012). Fateful Lightning: A New History of the Civil War and Reconstruction. Oxford University Press, USA.