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The East India Company officers lived lavish lives, the company finances were in shambles, and the company's effectiveness in India was examined by the British crown after 1858. As a result, the East India Company lost its powers of government and British India formally came under direct Crown control , with an appointed Governor-General of India .
Following partition, states were left to choose whether to join India or Pakistan or to remain independent. Jammu and Kashmir, the largest of the princely states, had a predominantly Muslim population ruled by the Hindu Maharaja Hari Singh .
They were a military family first in support of the Portuguese government before fighting a revolt for Independence, the famous Conspiracy of the Pintos, the earliest Independence revolt in Colonial India whose members included Abbé Faria, the inspiration of the mad monk in The Count of Monte Cristo.
British colonial administration was dominated in the 1760s and 1770s by Warren Hastings, the first man to hold the title of Governor-General. [7] The military arm of the East India Company was directed during the Seven Years' War and the Second Anglo-Mysore War by General Eyre Coote, who died in 1783 during the later stages of the war with ...
After the collapse of the Mughals, the British East India Company held sway over much of South Asia. [10] The colonial power wanted the revenue system "to be simple in its principle and uniform in its operation," but the zamindari system was so ingrained that even the early British rulers, from the grant of Dewani (1765) to the Permanent Settlement (1793), dared not challenge it fundamentally.
The Indian Army during British rule, also referred to as the British Indian Army, [9] [10] was the main military force of India until national independence in 1947. [9] Formed in 1895 by uniting the three Presidency Armies, [11] it was responsible for the defence of both British India and the princely states, which could also have their own armies.
The Anglo-Indian wars were the several wars fought in the Indian Subcontinent, over a period of time, between the British East India Company and different Indian states, mainly the Mughal Empire, Rohilkhand, Kingdom of Mysore, Subah of Bengal, Maratha Confederacy, Sikh Empire of Punjab, Kingdom of Sindh and others.
After the Indian Rebellion in 1857, the new British administration created a close partnership with certain land-holders and princes to strengthen their grip on power. This was either to create a colonial hierarchy of the various ethnic groups in India, "each arranged into appropriate social classes, whose spiritual and material improvement were entrusted to the paternal direction of ...