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  2. Characteristic impedance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristic_impedance

    The input impedance of an infinite line is equal to the characteristic impedance since the transmitted wave is never reflected back from the end. Equivalently: The characteristic impedance of a line is that impedance which, when terminating an arbitrary length of line at its output, produces an input impedance of equal value. This is so because ...

  3. Space cloth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_cloth

    Transmission line composed of two parallel wires terminated by space cloth. The characteristic impedance of a two parallel wire transmission line is given by [6] [c] = ⁡, where d is the diameter of the wire and D is the center to center separation between the wires.

  4. Coaxial cable - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaxial_cable

    Applying this formula to typical 75 ohm coax we find the measured impedance across the audio spectrum will range from ~150 ohms to ~5K ohms, much higher than nominal. The velocity of propagation also slows considerably. Thus we can expect coax cable impedances to be consistent at RF frequencies but variable across audio frequencies.

  5. Transmission line - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_line

    Impedance (Z) parameter may defines by applying a fixed current into one port (I1) of a transmission line with the other port open and measuring the resulting voltage on each port (V1, V2) [8] [9] and computing the impedance parameter Z11 is V1/I1, and the impedance parameter Z12 is V2/I1. Since transmission lines are electrically passive and ...

  6. Telegrapher's equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrapher's_equations

    Equivalent circuit of an unbalanced transmission line (such as coaxial cable) where: 2/Z o is the trans-admittance of VCCS (Voltage Controlled Current Source), x is the length of transmission line, Z(s) ≡ Z o (s) is the characteristic impedance, T(s) is the propagation function, γ(s) is the propagation "constant", s ≡ j ω, and j 2 ≡ −1.

  7. Primary line constants - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_line_constants

    The ratio of the line input voltage to the voltage a distance further down the line (that is, after one section of the equivalent circuit) is given by a standard voltage divider calculation. The remainder of the line to the right, as in the characteristic impedance calculation, is replaced with Z 0 {\displaystyle \scriptstyle Z_{0}} , [ 19 ] [ 20 ]

  8. Nominal impedance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominal_impedance

    In the field of radio frequency (RF) and microwave engineering, by far and away the most common transmission line standard is 50 Ω coaxial cable (coax), which is an unbalanced line. 50 Ω first arose as a nominal impedance during World War II work on radar and is a compromise between two requirements. This standard was the work of the wartime ...

  9. Scattering parameters - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scattering_parameters

    In the context of S-parameters, scattering refers to the way in which the traveling currents and voltages in a transmission line are affected when they meet a discontinuity caused by the insertion of a network into the transmission line. This is equivalent to the wave meeting an impedance differing from the line's characteristic impedance.

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