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Fiat money is a type of government issued currency that is not backed by a precious metal, such as gold or silver, nor by any other tangible asset or commodity.Fiat currency is typically designated by the issuing government to be legal tender, and is authorized by government regulation.
Legal tender, or narrow money (M0) is the cash created by a Central Bank by minting coins and printing banknotes. Bank money , or broad money (M1/M2) is the money created by private banks through the recording of loans as deposits of borrowing clients, with partial support indicated by the cash ratio .
Money is any item or verifiable record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts, such as taxes, in a particular country or socio-economic context. The primary functions which distinguish money are: medium of exchange , a unit of account , a store of value and sometimes, a standard of deferred payment .
The alternative to a commodity money system is fiat money which is defined by a central bank and government law as legal tender even if it has no intrinsic value. Originally fiat money was paper currency or base metal coinage, but in modern economies it mainly exists as data such as bank balances and records of credit or debit card purchases, [3] and the fraction that exists as notes and coins ...
A CBDC is a digital counterpart to fiat money, issued by central banks, unless it is dividend-paying, then it is an ownership stake and a new form of legal tender. [39] Like paper banknotes, it is a means of payment, a unit of account, and a store of value. [40] And like paper currency, each unit is uniquely identifiable to prevent ...
Example of litigation financing process. Legal financing (also known as litigation financing, professional funding, settlement funding, third-party funding, third-party litigation funding, legal funding, lawsuit loans and, in England and Wales, litigation funding) is the mechanism or process through which litigants (and even law firms) can finance their litigation or other legal costs through ...
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Although the FBI was successful in cracking through the anonymous Tor network and discovering the origin of the illegal Bitcoin markets Silkroad I and II and similar illegal markets, the methods the FBI used may not be legal or available, in every case, under the U.S. Constitution's prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures.