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  2. Exponential function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_function

    Exponential functions with bases 2 and 1/2. In mathematics, the exponential function is the unique real function which maps zero to one and has a derivative equal to its value. . The exponential of a variable ⁠ ⁠ is denoted ⁠ ⁡ ⁠ or ⁠ ⁠, with the two notations used interchangeab

  3. Methods of computing square roots - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methods_of_computing...

    This will be the current value c. Find p, y and x, as follows: Let p be the part of the root found so far, ignoring any decimal point. (For the first step, p = 0.) Determine the greatest digit x such that (+). We will use a new variable y = x(20p + x). Note: 20p + x is simply twice p, with the digit x appended to the right.

  4. Square root - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_root

    To find x: Start with an arbitrary positive start value x. The closer to the square root of a, the fewer the iterations that will be needed to achieve the desired precision. Replace x by the average (x + a/x) / 2 between x and a/x. Repeat from step 2, using this average as the new value of x.

  5. Quadratic equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratic_equation

    The solutions of the quadratic equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 correspond to the roots of the function f(x) = ax 2 + bx + c, since they are the values of x for which f(x) = 0. If a, b, and c are real numbers and the domain of f is the set of real numbers, then the roots of f are exactly the x-coordinates of the points where the graph touches the x-axis.

  6. Expected value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expected_value

    The expected values of the powers of X are called the moments of X; the moments about the mean of X are expected values of powers of X − E[X]. The moments of some random variables can be used to specify their distributions, via their moment generating functions.

  7. Steffensen's method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steffensen's_method

    Arguments: f: Function input to g x: Point at which to evaluate g fx: Function f evaluated at x """ return lambda x: f (x + fx) / fx-1 def steff (f: Func, x: float)-> Iterator [float]: """Steffenson algorithm for finding roots. This recursive generator yields the x_{n+1} value first then, when the generator iterates, it yields x_{n+2} from the ...

  8. Newton's method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_method

    Moreover, the hypothesis on F′ ensures that X k + 1 is at most half the size of X k when m is the midpoint of Y, so this sequence converges towards [x*, x*], where x* is the root of f in X. If F ′ ( X ) strictly contains 0, the use of extended interval division produces a union of two intervals for N ( X ) ; multiple roots are therefore ...

  9. e (mathematical constant) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)

    The global maximum of xx occurs at x = e. Steiner's problem asks to find the global maximum for the function =. This maximum occurs precisely at x = e. (One can check that the derivative of ln f(x) is zero only for this value of x.) Similarly, x = 1/e is where the global minimum occurs for the function