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Several dishes are made with sea cucumber, and in most dishes, it has a slippery texture. Common ingredients that go with sea cucumber dishes include winter melon, conpoy, kai-lan, shiitake mushroom, and Chinese cabbage. Many sea cucumber species are endangered and are at risk of overfishing due to their consumption.
Holothuria edulis, commonly known as the edible sea cucumber or the pink and black sea cucumber, is a species of echinoderm in the family Holothuriidae. It was placed in the subgenus Halodeima by Pearson in 1914, making its full scientific name Holothuria (Halodeima) edulis. [2] It is found in shallow water in the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean. [1]
In a commensal arrangement, Parastichopus regalis is often host to the pearlfish Carapus acus, which enters the sea cucumber's respiratory tree via its anus. The fish lives inside the sea cucumber during the day, emerging into the open water at night to feed. Two fish may occupy a single host, and a pair have been known to breed inside their ...
Although sea cucumbers have been known as a delicacy in many cultures, including those in the Pacific Islands, Actinopyga varians has not been known to be one of the edible species of sea cucumbers; however, Actinopyga mauritiana, a species in the Actinopyga The only known edible species in the Actinopyga genus is Actinopyga mauritiana. [13]
Sea cucumbers can be found in great numbers on the deep seafloor, where they often make up the majority of the animal biomass. [17] At depths deeper than 8,900 m (5.5 mi), sea cucumbers comprise 90% of the total mass of the macrofauna. [18] Sea cucumbers form large herds that move across the bathygraphic features of the ocean, hunting food.
It has a thick dermis without any spikes, making it an easily edible species and thus it is harvested for export to East Asia, where sea cucumber is popular in some cuisines. [2] [4] The fishery is typically conducted in an unsustainable manner, mostly in North and South America, which has caused the populations to decline. [2]
One species fished as gamat is S. horrens. [5] This species is also harvested for food in Samoa. The parts considered edible are the viscera, especially the intestine. A fisher will take the cucumber from the water and place it in a bucket for a few hours to let it pass any sand from its gut.
The Japanese sea cucumber is found along the coast of Russia, China, Japan and Korea.The range extends from Alaska and Sakhalin Island to the Amami Islands, Japan. [3] The red morphs are found on gravel beds offshore at depths of 40 metres (130 ft) or deeper while the other two colours are found intermingled on muddy and sandy bottoms at shallower depths. [3]