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Risk factors can be anesthetic (e.g., use of neuromuscular blockade drugs, use of intravenous anesthetics, technical/mechanical errors), surgical (e.g., cardiac surgery, trauma/emergency, C-sections), or patient-related (e.g., reduced cardiovascular reserve, history of substance use, history of awareness under anesthesia).
Anesthesia is a combination of the endpoints (discussed above) that are reached by drugs acting on different but overlapping sites in the central nervous system. General anesthesia (as opposed to sedation or regional anesthesia) has three main goals: lack of movement , unconsciousness, and blunting of the stress response. In the early days of ...
Sections to delete: awareness and recall (more precise definitions to be under mechanism/pathophysiology), experience (put under signs/symptoms and outcomes), conscious sedation and monitored anesthesia care (put under risk factors or have separate section about patient expectation), memory (condense under mechanism/pathophysiology), cognitive ...
Anesthetic risk factors include the use of volatile anesthetics, nitrous oxide (N 2 O), opioids, and longer duration of anesthesia. Patient factors that confer increased risk for PONV include female gender, obesity, age less than 16 years, past history of motion sickness or chemotherapy-induced nausea, high levels of preoperative anxiety, and ...
Anesthesia awareness (“waking up” during surgery) How to treat feelings of impending doom Medical professionals will look to treat the underlying cause rather than the symptom itself.
Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) refers to the intravenous administration of anesthetic agents to induce a temporary loss of sensation or awareness. The first study of TIVA was done in 1872 using chloral hydrate , [ 1 ] and the common anesthetic agent propofol was licensed in 1986.
General anaesthesia (UK) or general anesthesia (US) is a method of medically inducing loss of consciousness that renders a patient unarousable even with painful stimuli. [5] This effect is achieved by administering either intravenous or inhalational general anaesthetic medications, which often act in combination with an analgesic and ...
"High risk procedures or medical specialties are responsible for most avoidable adverse events". Although some mistakes, such as in surgery, are easier to notice, errors occur in all levels of care. [46] Even though complex procedures entail more risk, adverse outcomes are not usually due to error, but to the severity of the condition being ...