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Heart murmurs are unique heart sounds produced when blood flows across a heart valve or blood vessel. [1] This occurs when turbulent blood flow creates a sound loud enough to hear with a stethoscope. [2] The sound differs from normal heart sounds by their characteristics. For example, heart murmurs may have a distinct pitch, duration and timing.
Auscultogram from normal and abnormal heart sounds Diastolic heart murmurs are heart murmurs heard during diastole , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] i.e. they start at or after S2 and end before or at S1 . Many involve stenosis of the atrioventricular valves or regurgitation of the semilunar valves .
diastolic murmurs (e.g. aortic regurgitation, mitral stenosis) systolic murmurs (e.g. aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation) pericardial rub (suggestive of pericarditis) The base of the lungs should be auscultated for signs of pulmonary oedema due to a cardiac cause such as bilateral basal crepitations.
In cardiac auscultation, an examiner may use a stethoscope to listen for these unique and distinct sounds that provide important auditory data regarding the condition of the heart. In healthy adults, there are two normal heart sounds, often described as a lub and a dub that occur in sequence with each heartbeat
Systolic heart murmurs are heart murmurs heard during systole, [1] [2] [3] i.e. they begin and end between S1 and S2. Many involve stenosis of the semilunar valves or regurgitation of the atrioventricular valves .
Heart sounds of a healthy human female with a functional or "innocent" heart murmur after exercise. A functional murmur ( innocent murmur , physiologic murmur ) is a heart murmur that is primarily due to physiologic conditions outside the heart, as opposed to structural defects in the heart itself. [ 1 ]
The detection of heart murmurs in CAA systems is based on the analysis of digitally recorded heart sounds. Most approaches use the following four stages: Heart rate detection: In the first stage, the heart rate is determined based on the audio signal of the heart. It is a crucial step for the following stages and high accuracy is required.
With newer, non-invasive imaging techniques, the origin of other, so-called adventitial sounds or heart clicks has been appreciated. These are short, high-pitched sounds. These are short, high-pitched sounds.