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  2. Translation criticism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation_criticism

    Whether or not translation criticism should be considered a separate field of inquiry from translation theory is a matter of some controversy. [3] The translation professionals and laymen who engage in literary translation inevitably face the issue of translation quality. Translation criticism has several open issues, such as the name for the ...

  3. Untranslatability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Untranslatability

    Douglas Hofstadter discusses the problem of translating a palindrome into Chinese, where such wordplay is theoretically impossible, in his book Le Ton beau de Marot [10] – which is devoted to the issues and problems of translation, with particular emphasis on the translation of poetry. Another example given by Hofstadter is the translation of ...

  4. Translational research - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translational_research

    Examples of failed translational research in the pharmaceutical industry include the failure of anti-aβ therapeutics in Alzheimer's disease. [21] Other problems have stemmed from the widespread irreproducibility thought to exist in translational research literature.

  5. Domestication and foreignization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestication_and_foreigni...

    He estimates that the theory and practice of English-language translation had been dominated by submission, by fluent domestication. He strictly criticized the translators who in order to minimize the foreignness of the target text reduce the foreign cultural norms to target-language cultural values.

  6. Literal translation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literal_translation

    In translation theory, another term for literal translation is metaphrase (as opposed to paraphrase for an analogous translation). It is to be distinguished from an interpretation (done, for example, by an interpreter). Literal translation leads to mistranslation of idioms, which can be a serious problem for machine translation. [2]

  7. Humour in translation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humour_in_translation

    Humour in translation can be caused by translation errors, because of irregularities and discrepancies between certain items that translators attempt to translate. This could be due to the ignorance of the translator, as well as the untranslatability of the text as a result of linguistic or cultural differences. [ 1 ]

  8. Retranslation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retranslation

    In a 1990 issue of the translation journal Palimpsestes, Paul Bensimon and Antoine Berman also lean on Goethe when arguing that the first translation of a text into a given language tends to adapt the text to the norms and conventions of the target language and culture, while the later translations tend to stay closer to the original because if ...

  9. Translation studies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation_studies

    Translation studies is an academic interdiscipline dealing with the systematic study of the theory, description and application of translation, interpreting, and localization. As an interdiscipline, translation studies borrows much from the various fields of study that support translation.