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The antidotes for ethylene glycol poisoning are ethanol and fomepizole. This antidotal treatment forms the mainstay of management of ethylene glycol poisoning. The toxicity of ethylene glycol comes from its metabolism to glycolic acid and oxalic acid. The goal of pharmacotherapy is to prevent the formation of these metabolites.
Ethylene glycol, antifreeze, is extremely toxic to dogs. It has a sweet taste and thus dogs will drink it. As little as 2 1/2 tablespoons can kill a medium-sized dog in 2–3 days. This type of poisoning is often fatal as dog owners do not know their pet has ingested the antifreeze. De-icing fluids can also contain ethylene glycol.
2022 – At least 40 dogs died in Brazil after consuming Bassar produced snacks for dental care [113] that were also sold under the Petz [114] brand. The snacks were contaminated with ethylene glycol, probably originating from contamined propylene glycol. All products made by Bassar were recalled on the 7th of September. [113]
The major cause of ethylene glycol toxicity is the accumulation of glycolic acid in the body, [18] but accumulation of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidneys can also lead to acute kidney failure. [17] In the case of DEG, calcium oxalate crystal are not deposited in the kidneys, implying that ethylene glycol is not on the DEG metabolic pathway.
Ethylene glycol has relatively high mammalian toxicity when ingested, roughly on par with methanol, with an oral LD Lo = 786 mg/kg for humans. [30] The major danger is due to its sweet taste, which can attract children and animals. Upon ingestion, ethylene glycol is oxidized to glycolic acid, which is, in turn, oxidized to oxalic acid, which is ...
All four are osmotically active substances found in humans. Accordingly, intoxications as listed below are reasons for an increased osmolar gap. Alcohols ethanol intoxication; methanol ingestion; ethylene glycol ingestion [9] isopropyl alcohol ingestion; propylene glycol toxicity (as with intravenous infusions where it is used as an excipient ...
The toxic effects of ingesting ethylene glycol occur because it is converted by the liver into 4 other chemicals that are much more toxic. The lethal dose of pure ethylene glycol is 1.4 ml/kg (3 US fluid ounces (90 ml) is lethal to a 140-pound (64 kg) person) but is much less lethal if treated within an hour. [9] (see Ethylene glycol poisoning).
Dogs get ample correct nutrition from their natural, normal diet; wild and feral dogs can usually get all the nutrients needed from a diet of whole prey and raw meat. In addition, a human diet is not ideal for a dog: the concept of a "balanced" diet for a facultative carnivore like a dog is not the same as in an omnivorous human. Dogs will ...