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  2. MAPK/ERK pathway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAPK/ERK_pathway

    As discussed below, many additional targets for phosphorylation by MAPK were later found, and the protein was renamed "mitogen-activated protein kinase" (MAPK). The series of kinases from RAF to MEK to MAPK is an example of a protein kinase cascade. Such series of kinases provide opportunities for feedback regulation and signal amplification.

  3. Mitogen-activated protein kinase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein...

    The first mitogen-activated protein kinase to be discovered was ERK1 in mammals. Since ERK1 and its close relative ERK2 are both involved in growth factor signaling, the family was termed "mitogen-activated". With the discovery of other members, even from distant organisms (e.g. plants), it has become increasingly clear that the name is a ...

  4. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P38_mitogen-activated...

    Persistent activation of the p38 MAPK pathway in muscle satellite cells (muscle stem cells) due to ageing, impairs muscle regeneration. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] p38 MAP Kinase (MAPK), also called RK or CSBP (Cytokinin Specific Binding Protein), is the mammalian orthologue of the yeast Hog1p MAP kinase, [ 3 ] which participates in a signaling cascade ...

  5. Extracellular signal-regulated kinases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracellular_signal...

    The MAP kinase-kinase, which activates ERK, was named "MAPK/ERK kinase" . [5] Receptor-linked tyrosine kinases, Ras, Raf, MEK, and MAPK could be fitted into a signaling cascade linking an extracellular signal to MAPK activation. [6] See: MAPK/ERK pathway. Transgenic gene knockout mice lacking MAPK1 have major defects in early development. [7]

  6. MAP kinase kinase kinase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP_kinase_kinase_kinase

    The p38 MAPK is regulated by MEKK 1-4 and TAO 1/2 families of MAPKKKs and is responsible for inflammation, apoptosis, cell differentiation, and cell cycle regulation. The determination for what cascade is followed is based upon the type of signal, the strength of binding, and the length of binding. [5] [9]

  7. MAP3K4 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP3K4

    Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAP3K4 gene. [5] [6]The central core of each mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a conserved cascade of 3 protein kinases: an activated MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK) phosphorylates and activates a specific MAPK kinase (MAPKK), which then activates a specific MAPK.

  8. Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein...

    Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (also known as MAP2K, MEK, MAPKK) is a dual-specificity kinase enzyme which phosphorylates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). MAP2K is classified as EC 2.7.12.2 .

  9. Biochemical cascade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemical_cascade

    MAPK/ERK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase) regulates gene transcription through successive kinase phosphorylation and in human embryonic stem cells it helps maintaining pluripotency. [93] [94] However, in the presence of Activin A, a TGF-β ligand, it causes the formation of mesoderm and neuroectoderm. [95]