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Penicillium chrysogenum (formerly known as Penicillium notatum) is a species of fungus in the genus Penicillium. It is common in temperate and subtropical regions and can be found on salted food products, [ 1 ] but it is mostly found in indoor environments, especially in damp or water-damaged buildings. [ 2 ]
"The isopenicillin-N acyltransferase of Penicillium chrysogenum has isopenicillin-N amidohydrolase, 6-aminopenicillanic acid acyltransferase and penicillin amidase activities, all of which are encoded by the single penDE gene". European Journal of Biochemistry. 215 (2): 323–332. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18038.x. ISSN 0014-2956
Penicillium abidjanum [2] Penicillium adametzii [2] Penicillium adametzioides [2] Penicillium aeris [3] Penicillium aethiopicum [2] Penicillium albicans [2] Penicillium albidum [2] Penicillium albocoremium; Penicillium alexiae [4] Penicillium alfredii [5] Penicillium alicantinum [4] Penicillium allahabadense [6] Penicillium allii; Penicillium ...
Penicillium growth can still occur indoors even if the relative humidity is low, as long as there is sufficient moisture available on a given surface. A British study determined that Aspergillus- and Penicillium-type spores were the most prevalent in the indoor air of residential properties, and exceeded outdoor levels. [14]
Other named constituents of natural Penicillium, such as penicillin A, were subsequently found not to have antibiotic activity and are not chemically related to antibiotic penicillins. [8] The precise constitution of the penicillin extracted depends on the species of Penicillium mould used and on the nutrient media used to culture the mould. [8]
PAF and PAFB are two members of PF11402 from Penicillium chrysogenum.PAF exhibits growth-inhibitory activity against a broad range of filamentous fungi. Evidence suggests that disruption of Ca 2+ signaling/homeostasis plays an important role in the mechanistic basis of PAF as a growth inhibitor. [2]
The mould was identified as Penicillium chrysogenum and designated as NRRL 1951 or cantaloupe strain. [106] [116] The spores may have escaped from the NRRL. [117] [a] [b] Between 1941 and 1943, Moyer, Coghill and Raper developed methods for industrialized penicillin production and isolated higher-yielding strains of the Penicillium fungus.
The surface of a Talaromyces (formerly Penicillium) marneffei colony. Image: James Gathany, CDC. Talaromyces marneffei, formerly called Penicillium marneffei, [1] was identified in 1956. [2] The organism is endemic to southeast Asia, where it is an important cause of opportunistic infections in those with HIV/AIDS-related immunodeficiency.