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The European wars of religion were a series of wars waged in Europe during the 16th, 17th and early 18th centuries. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Fought after the Protestant Reformation began in 1517, the wars disrupted the religious and political order in the Catholic countries of Europe, or Christendom .
Looting of a church during the Revolution, by Swebach-Desfontaines (c. 1793). The aim of a number of separate policies conducted by various governments of France during the French Revolution ranged from the appropriation by the government of the great landed estates and the large amounts of money held by the Catholic Church to the termination of Christian religious practice and of the religion ...
The French Revolution had a major impact on western history, by ending feudalism in France and creating a path for advances in individual freedoms throughout Europe. [227] [2] The revolution represented the most significant challenge to political absolutism up to that point in history and spread democratic ideals throughout Europe and ...
The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation and the European Reformation, [1] was a major theological movement or period or series of events in Western Christianity in 16th-century Northwestern Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the papacy and the authority of the Catholic Church.
The Cult of Reason (French: Culte de la Raison) [note 1] was France's first established state-sponsored atheistic religion, intended as a replacement for Roman Catholicism during the French Revolution. After holding sway for barely a year, in 1794 it was officially replaced by the rival deistic Cult of the Supreme Being, promoted by Robespierre.
Enlightenment era religious commentary was a response to the preceding century of religious conflict in Europe, especially the Thirty Years' War. [74] Theologians of the Enlightenment wanted to reform their faith to its generally non-confrontational roots and to limit the capacity for religious controversy to spill over into politics and ...
By the end of 1554, Henry VIII's religious settlement had been re-instituted, but England was still not reunited with Rome. Before reunion could occur, church property disputes had to be settled—which, in practice, meant letting the nobility and gentry who had bought confiscated church lands keep them.
A Critical Dictionary of the French Revolution. Harvard University Press. pp. 107–114. Herbert, Sydney (1921). The Fall of Feudalism in France. OL 13505996M. Hobsbawm, Eric (1962). The Age of Revolution: Europe 1789–1848. New American Library. ISBN 978-0-4516-2720-9. OL 24389053M. Lefebvre, Georges (1962–1964). French Revolution. Columbia.