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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) (from cyto-'cell' via Greek κύτος kútos - 'container' + μέγας mégas 'big, megalo-' + -virus via Latin vīrus 'poison') is a genus of viruses in the order Herpesvirales, in the family Herpesviridae, [3] in the subfamily Betaherpesvirinae. Humans and other primates serve as natural hosts.
The incidence of primary CMV infection in pregnant women in the United States varies from 1% to 3%. Healthy pregnant women are not at special risk for disease from CMV infection. When infected with CMV, most women have no symptoms and very few have a disease resembling infectious mononucleosis. It is their developing fetuses that may be at risk ...
A study published in 2009 links infection with CMV to high blood pressure in mice, and suggests that the result of CMV infection of blood vessel endothelium in humans is a major cause of atherosclerosis. [51] Researchers also found that when the cells were infected with CMV, they created renin, a protein known to contribute to high blood pressure.
A vertically transmitted infection is an infection caused by pathogenic bacteria or viruses that use mother-to-child transmission, that is, transmission directly from the mother to an embryo, fetus, or baby during pregnancy or childbirth. It can occur when the mother has a pre-existing disease or becomes infected during pregnancy. Nutritional ...
About 5–7% of cases of infectious mononucleosis is caused by human cytomegalovirus (CMV), another type of herpes virus. [35] This virus is found in body fluids including saliva, urine, blood, tears, [36] breast milk and genital secretions. [37] A person becomes infected with this virus by direct contact with infected body fluids ...
Hepatitis C is an enveloped, single stranded RNA virus that is spread by exposure to blood, with the main modes of transmission are blood, sexual transmission, or perinatal. Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus may influence pregnancy outcomes, such as increased rates of small for gestational age, intrauterine death, low birthweight, and ...
The infection is spread by saliva, urine, respiratory droplets, sexual contact, and blood transfusions. Most people are exposed to the virus in their lifetime, but it usually produces mild or no symptoms in healthy people. [citation needed] However, serious CMV infections can occur in people with weakened immune systems.
The virus exits the host cell by nuclear egress and budding. Betaherpesviruses typically have highly restricted host ranges, although essentially all mammals, reptiles, and birds are infected with at least one betaherpesvirus species. Transmission routes are transplacental, transplantation, blood transfusion, body fluids, urine, and saliva. [1]