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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 2 January 2025. Group of endocrine diseases characterized by high blood sugar levels This article is about the common insulin disorder. For the urine hyper-production disorder, see Diabetes insipidus. For other uses, see Diabetes (disambiguation). Medical condition Diabetes mellitus Universal blue circle ...
Gestational diabetes – Gestational diabetes, is a temporary condition that is first diagnosed during pregnancy. Like type 1 and type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes causes blood sugar levels to become too high. It involves an increased risk of developing diabetes for both mother and child. Other types of diabetes: Congenital diabetes –
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. [6] Common symptoms include increased thirst , frequent urination , fatigue and unexplained weight loss . [ 3 ]
Type 1 diabetes (T1D), formerly known as juvenile diabetes, is an autoimmune disease that occurs when pancreatic cells (beta cells) are destroyed by the body's immune system. [5] In healthy persons, beta cells produce insulin. Insulin is a hormone required by the body to store and convert blood sugar into energy. [6]
As of 2011 more than 36 genes have been found that contribute to the risk of type 2 diabetes. [2] All of these genes together still only account for 10% of the total genetic component of the disease. [2] There are a number of rare cases of diabetes that arise due to an abnormality in a single gene (known as monogenic forms of diabetes). [1]
Gestational diabetes is a condition in which a woman without diabetes develops high blood sugar levels during pregnancy. [ 4 ] Type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes are associated with changes in levels of metabolic markers, these markers could serve as potential prognostic or therapeutic targets for patients with prediabetes or Type 2 ...
Type 3 diabetes is a proposed pathological linkage between Alzheimer's disease and certain features of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. [1] Specifically, the term refers to a set of common biochemical and metabolic features seen in the brain in Alzheimer's disease, and in other tissues in diabetes; [1] [2] it may thus be considered a "brain-specific type of diabetes."
Drugs used in diabetes treat diabetes mellitus by decreasing glucose levels in the blood. With the exception of insulin , most GLP-1 receptor agonists ( liraglutide , exenatide , and others), and pramlintide , all diabetes medications are administered orally and are thus called oral hypoglycemic agents or oral antihyperglycemic agents.
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