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Halbwachs, Maurice, The collective memory, New York, Harper & Row Colophon Books, 1980, 182 pages pdfs of chapters 1 and 2 available (pp. 22–49 and 50–87) on UCSB Collective Memory seminar website; translated from: La mémoire collective, Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1950 Complete synthesis on all of his observations of memory
Collective memory has been conceptualized in several ways and proposed to have certain attributes. For instance, collective memory can refer to a shared body of knowledge (e.g., memory of a nation's past leaders or presidents); [6] [7] [8] the image, narrative, values and ideas of a social group; or the continuous process by which collective memories of events change.
Accordingly, the following issues are encompassed within Schwartz's academic focus: the extent of collective memory's variation between and within generations; memory as an antidote to distorted history; reality as a limit to constructed memories; memory as a source of unity and conflict; the continuity of memory in the face of social change ...
Olick's work has played a major role in reviving the concept of "collective memory."[1] As Olick and his colleagues have documented, [2] the concept has a long history, but is most commonly traced back to Maurice Halbwachs, a student of Émile Durkheim.
Transactive memory is a psychological hypothesis first proposed by Daniel Wegner in 1985 as a response to earlier theories of "group mind" such as groupthink. [1] A transactive memory system is a mechanism through which groups collectively encode, store, and retrieve knowledge.
Memory should not therefore ideally be a zero-sum game with struggles ensuing over scarce resources as proponents of competitive memory would suggest. [3] The individual as well as the collective memory and relations to the past can exist without one being more important than the other.
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Cultural memory is a form of collective memory shared by a group of people who share a culture. [1] The theory posits that memory is not just an individual, private experience but also part of the collective domain, which both shapes the future and our understanding of the past.