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Taylor's theorem is named after the mathematician Brook Taylor, who stated a version of it in 1715, [2] although an earlier version of the result was already mentioned in 1671 by James Gregory. [ 3 ] Taylor's theorem is taught in introductory-level calculus courses and is one of the central elementary tools in mathematical analysis .
For example, the exponential function is the function which is equal to its own derivative everywhere, and assumes the value 1 at the origin. However, one may equally well define an analytic function by its Taylor series. Taylor series are used to define functions and "operators" in diverse areas of mathematics. In particular, this is true in ...
In probability theory, it is possible to approximate the moments of a function f of a random variable X using Taylor expansions, provided that f is sufficiently differentiable and that the moments of X are finite.
For the second-order approximations of the third central moment as well as for the derivation of all higher-order approximations see Appendix D of Ref. [3] Taking into account the quadratic terms of the Taylor series and the third moments of the input variables is referred to as second-order third-moment method. [4]
Gaussian optics is a technique in geometrical optics that describes the behaviour of light rays in optical systems by using the paraxial approximation, in which only rays which make small angles with the optical axis of the system are considered. [2] In this approximation, trigonometric functions can be expressed as linear functions of the angles.
In fact, for a smooth enough function, we have the similar Taylor expansion (+) = | | ()! + (,), where the last term (the remainder) depends on the exact version of Taylor's formula.
The linear approximation of a function is the first order Taylor expansion around the point of interest. In the study of dynamical systems, linearization is a method for assessing the local stability of an equilibrium point of a system of nonlinear differential equations or discrete dynamical systems. [1]
(2) Another possibility is to consider the Taylor expansion of the function around : (+) = + ′ + ″ + (). The differential equation states that ′ = (,). If this is substituted in the Taylor expansion and the quadratic and higher-order terms are ignored, the Euler method arises.