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  2. Respiratory center - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_center

    Breathing is the repetitive process of bringing air into the lungs and taking waste products out. The oxygen brought in from the air is a constant, on-going need of an organism to maintain life. This need is still there during sleep so that the functioning of this process has to be automatic and be part of the autonomic nervous system. The in ...

  3. Exhalation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhalation

    Several receptor groups in the body regulate metabolic breathing. These receptors signal the respiratory center to initiate inhalation or exhalation. Peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the aorta and carotid arteries. They respond to changing blood levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and H + by signaling the pons and medulla. [10]

  4. Botzinger complex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botzinger_complex

    The Bötzinger complex plays an important role in controlling breathing [3] [4] and responding to hypoxia. [5] [6] The Bötzinger complex consists primarily of glycinergic neurons [7] which inhibit respiratory activity. Of the respiratory cycle phases BötC generates post-inspiratory (Post-I) activity and augmenting expiratory (aug-e) activity ...

  5. Pre-Bötzinger complex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Bötzinger_complex

    The preBötC produces two types of breathing rhythm in the presence of physiological levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide. In eupnea, or normal resting breathing, the preBötC generates a rhythm that is relatively fast (~2–4 Hz in rodents, ~0.1-0.2 Hz in humans) with each breath achieving a tidal volume of air movement.

  6. Nearly 1 in 10 Americans have asthma. Here's what causes it.

    www.aol.com/nearly-1-10-americans-asthma...

    Asthma is one of the most common lung diseases in the world, affecting some 262 million people worldwide and causing more than 450,000 deaths annually, per the World Health Organization.While ...

  7. Control of ventilation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_of_ventilation

    The pattern of motor stimuli during breathing can be divided into an inhalation stage and an exhalation stage. Inhalation shows a sudden, ramped increase in motor discharge to the respiratory muscles (and the pharyngeal constrictor muscles). [5] Before the end of inhalation, there is a decline in, and end of motor discharge.

  8. Sleep apnea impacts brain in ways that may affect cognitive ...

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/sleep-apnea-impacts-brain...

    Lower brain oxygen levels caused by sleep apnea were linked to changes to the white matter, which could lead to cognitive problem, a new study suggests. ... Researchers estimate that about 936 ...

  9. Positive end-expiratory pressure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_end-expiratory...

    Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is the pressure in the lungs (alveolar pressure) above atmospheric pressure (the pressure outside of the body) that exists at the end of expiration. [1] The two types of PEEP are extrinsic PEEP (PEEP applied by a ventilator) and intrinsic PEEP (PEEP caused by an incomplete exhalation).

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