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The word vacuum comes from Latin 'an empty space, void', noun use of neuter of vacuus, meaning "empty", related to vacare, meaning "to be empty".. Vacuum is one of the few words in the English language that contains two consecutive instances of the vowel u.
Aristotelian physics is the form of natural philosophy described in the works of the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384–322 BC). In his work Physics, Aristotle intended to establish general principles of change that govern all natural bodies, both living and inanimate, celestial and terrestrial – including all motion (change with respect to place), quantitative change (change with respect to ...
In philosophy and early physics, horror vacui (Latin: horror of the vacuum) or plenism (/ ˈ p l iː n ɪ z əm /)—commonly stated as "nature abhors a vacuum", for example by Spinoza [1] —is a hypothesis attributed to Aristotle, later criticized by the atomism of Epicurus and Lucretius, that nature contains no vacuums because the denser surrounding material continuum would immediately fill ...
Local concentrations of matter have condensed into stars and galaxies. Intergalactic space takes up most of the volume of the universe, but even galaxies and star systems consist almost entirely of empty space. Most of the remaining mass-energy in the observable universe is made up of an unknown form, dubbed dark matter and dark energy. [5] [6 ...
According to Democritus, the Void was a necessary empty space that allowed for the movement and interaction of atoms, making it essential for the existence of matter itself. This view framed the Void as a real and foundational component of the universe, contrasting with the notion of it being mere nothingness. [3]
In response to Parmenides definition of motion, Democritus (born circa 460) expounded the atomic theory, in which indivisible bits of matter are in constant motion through the void. In the absence of something to perturb them they fall evenly through space. According to this school of thought matter and or space (and time) are discrete and ...
Book V classifies four species of movement, depending on where the opposites are located. Movement categories include quantity (e.g. a change in dimensions, from great to small), quality (as for colors: from pale to dark), place (local movements generally go from up downwards and vice versa), or, more controversially, substance.
Instead of the general notion that a void is a region of space with a low cosmic mean density; a hole in the distribution of galaxies, it defines voids to be regions in which matter is escaping; which corresponds to the dark energy equation of state, w. Void centers are then considered to be the maximal source of the displacement field denoted ...