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In Unix-like operating systems, new processes are created by the fork() system call. The PID is returned to the parent process, enabling it to refer to the child in further function calls. The parent may, for example, wait for the child to terminate with the waitpid() function, or terminate the process with kill().
The name systemd adheres to the Unix convention of naming daemons by appending the letter d. [9] It also plays on the term "System D", which refers to a person's ability to adapt quickly and improvise to solve problems. [10] Since 2015, the majority of Linux distributions have adopted systemd, having replaced other init systems such as SysV ...
However, if the parent process lingers in collecting the child's data (or fails to do it at all), the system has no option but keep the child's pid and termination data in the process table indefinitely. Such a terminated process whose data has not been collected is called a zombie process, or simply a zombie, in the UNIX parlance. The name is ...
Version 1 AT&T UNIX dd: Filesystem Mandatory Convert and copy a file Version 5 AT&T UNIX delta: SCCS Optional (XSI) Make a delta (change) to an SCCS file PWB UNIX df: Filesystem Mandatory Report free disk space Version 1 AT&T UNIX diff: Text processing Mandatory Compare two files; see also cmp Version 5 AT&T UNIX dirname: Filesystem Mandatory
The following example will fetch the src/ directory from a machine named iona using rsync and simultaneously update the libraries on which this program depends, before building the combination. #!/usr/bin/env bash # Parallel update script which makes use of the wait command # Update local copy rsync iona:src/ .
The POSIX subsystem was replaced in Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 by "Windows Services for UNIX", [2] (SFU) which is based in part on OpenBSD code and other technology developed by Interix, a company later purchased by Microsoft.
Windows services can be configured to start when the operating system starts, and to run in the background as long as Windows runs. Alternatively, they can be started manually or by an event. Windows NT operating systems include numerous services which run in context of three user accounts : System , Network Service and Local Service .
(For example, the "e" or "-e" option will display environment variables.) On such systems, ps commonly runs with the non-standard options aux , where "a" lists all processes on a terminal , including those of other users, "x" lists all processes without controlling terminals and "u" adds a column for the controlling user for each process.