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A glass of porter, showing characteristic dark body. Porter is a style of beer that was developed in London in the early 18th century. [1] [2] It is well-hopped and dark in appearance owing to the use of brown malt. [3] The name is believed to have originated from its popularity with porters. [4] Porter is a type of ale. [5]
The categories are varied and include processes or ingredients not usually regarded as defining beer styles in themselves, such as cask ale or gluten-free beer. [2] [3] [4] Beer terms such as ale or lager cover a wide variety of beer styles, and are better thought of as broad categories of beer styles.
The early 18th century saw the development of a popular new style of dark beer in London: porter. Before 1700, London brewers sent out their beer very young and any aging was either performed by the publican or a dealer. Porter was the first beer to be aged at the brewery and despatched in a condition fit to be drunk immediately.
The beer became popular in the city, especially with porters (hence its name): it had a strong flavour, took longer to spoil than other beers, was significantly cheaper than other beers, and was not easily affected by heat. [8] [9] Within a few decades, porter breweries in London had grown "beyond any previously known scale". [9]
Arthur Guinness started selling the dark beer porter in 1778. [10] The first Guinness beers to use the term "stout" were Single Stout and Double Stout in the 1840s. [11] Throughout the bulk of its history, Guinness produced only three variations of a single beer type: porter or single stout, double or extra and foreign stout for export. [12] "
Old English: Beore 'beer'. In early forms of English and in the Scandinavian languages, the usual word for beer was the word whose Modern English form is ale. [1] The modern word beer comes into present-day English from Old English bēor, itself from Common Germanic, it is found throughout the West Germanic and North Germanic dialects (modern Dutch and German bier, Old Norse bjórr).
Many beer styles are classified as one of two main types, ales and lagers, though certain styles may not be easily sorted into either category.Beers classified as ales are typically made with yeasts that ferment at warmer temperatures, usually between 15.5 and 24 °C (60 and 75 °F), and form a layer of foam on the surface of the fermenting beer, thus they are called top-fermenting yeasts.
Beer in Poland has been brewed for well over a thousand years and has a significant history of tradition and commercial beer production. Poland is Europe 's third largest beer producer, producing 36.9 million hectolitres , coming after the United Kingdom with 49.5 million hl and neighboring Germany with 103 million hl.