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Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) are genetically engineered chromosomes derived from the DNA of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is then ligated into a bacterial plasmid. By inserting large fragments of DNA, from 100–1000 kb, the inserted sequences can be cloned and physically mapped using a process called chromosome walking .
In molecular biology, Rhizobium has been identified as a contaminant of DNA extraction kit reagents and ultrapure water systems, which may lead to its erroneous appearance in microbiota or metagenomic datasets. [8]
Y187 is a strain of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) used in biological research for two-hybrid screening.The strain has been sold commercially by Clontech [1] since at least 2000 and is used as a partner with strain AH109 in mating assays.
The genome sequence and gene annotation can be browsed through the ORCAE system. The complete genomic data allows scientists to identify homologous proteins and evolutionary relationships between other yeast species and Komagataella. In addition, all seven species were sequenced by 2022. [7]
Synthetic genetic array analysis is generally conducted using colony arrays on petriplates at standard densities (96, 384, 768, 1536). To perform a SGA analysis in S.cerevisiae, the query gene deletion is crossed systematically with a deletion mutant array (DMA) containing every viable knockout ORF of the yeast genome (currently 4786 strains). [9]
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Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) are linear DNA molecules containing the necessary features of an authentic yeast chromosome, including telomeres, a centromere, and an origin of replication. Large inserts of DNA can be ligated into the middle of the YAC so that there is an “arm” of the YAC on either side of the insert.
The yeast genome is highly accessible to manipulation, hence it is an excellent model for genome engineering. The international Synthetic Yeast Genome Project (Sc2.0 or Saccharomyces cerevisiae version 2.0 ) aims to build an entirely designer, customizable, synthetic S. cerevisiae genome from scratch that is more stable than the wild type.
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