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In organic chemistry, butyl is a four-carbon alkyl radical or substituent group with general chemical formula −C 4 H 9, derived from either of the two isomers (n-butane and isobutane) of butane. The isomer n -butane can connect in two ways, giving rise to two "-butyl" groups:
Butanol (also called butyl alcohol) is a four-carbon alcohol with a formula of C 4 H 9 O H, which occurs in five isomeric structures (four structural isomers), from a straight-chain primary alcohol to a branched-chain tertiary alcohol; [1] all are a butyl or isobutyl group linked to a hydroxyl group (sometimes represented as BuOH, sec-BuOH, i-BuOH, and t-BuOH).
n-Butane, like all hydrocarbons, undergoes free radical chlorination providing both 1-chloro- and 2-chlorobutanes, as well as more highly chlorinated derivatives. The relative rates of the chlorinations are partially explained by the differing bond dissociation energies : 425 and 411 kJ / mol for the two types of C-H bonds.
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Like other simple organosodium compounds, it is polymeric and highly basic. [2] In contrast to n -butyllithium , n -butylsodium is only of specialized academic interest. Preparation
Like other butanols, butan-2-ol has low acute toxicity. The LD 50 is 4400 mg/kg (rat, oral). [6]Several explosions have been reported [7] [8] [9] during the conventional distillation of 2-butanol, apparently due to the buildup of peroxides with the boiling point higher than that of pure alcohol (and therefore concentrating in the still pot during distillation).
n-Butyl acetate is an organic compound with the formula CH 3 CO 2 (CH 2) 3 CH 3. A colorless, flammable liquid, it is the ester derived from n- butanol and acetic acid . It is found in many types of fruit, where it imparts characteristic flavors and has a sweet smell of banana or apple.
It is the ester of 4-aminobenzoic acid and butanol. [1] A white, odourless, crystalline powder. that is mildly soluble in water (1 part in 7000) and soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform, fixed oils, and dilute acids.