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Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR or S/N) is a measure used in science and engineering that compares the level of a desired signal to the level of background noise. SNR is defined as the ratio of signal power to noise power , often expressed in decibels .
Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is an engineering term for the ratio between the maximum possible power of a signal and the power of corrupting noise that affects the fidelity of its representation.
Traditionally, SNR is defined to be the ratio of the average signal value to the standard deviation of the signal : [2] [3] = when the signal is an optical intensity, or as the square of this value if the signal and noise are viewed as amplitudes (field quantities).
is the carrier-to-noise ratio or signal-to-noise ratio, B is the channel bandwidth in hertz, and f s {\displaystyle f_{s}} is the symbol rate in baud or symbols per second.
The ratio of (a) total received power, i.e., the signal to (b) the noise-plus-distortion power. This is modeled by the equation above. [2] The ratio of (a) the power of a test signal, i.e. a sine wave, to (b) the residual received power, i.e. noise-plus-distortion power. With this definition, it is possible to have a SINAD level less than one.
The carrier-to-noise ratio is defined as the ratio of the received modulated carrier signal power C to the received noise power N after the receiver filters: =. When both carrier and noise are measured across the same impedance, this ratio can equivalently be given as:
The noise is a summation of unwanted or disturbing energy from natural and sometimes man-made sources. Noise is, however, typically distinguished from interference, [a] for example in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) and signal-to-noise plus interference ratio (SNIR) measures.
Sensitivity second definition: the minimum magnitude of input signal required to produce an output signal with a specified signal-to-noise ratio of an instrument or sensor. Examples of the use of this definition are given in the sections below on receivers and electronic sensors.