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Femur length: The superior aspect of the femoral head and the distal portion of the medial femoral condyle. Tibial length: The medial tibial plateau and the tibial plafond; As previously mentioned, leg length difference can result from a repetitive activity that misaligns, one example being pelvic torsion; this is a functional LLD.
If left untreated, leg deformities, joint stiffness, leg-length discrepancy and pain will persist. [3] Diagnosis is done clinically and through X-ray imaging, with numerous classifications based on the severity of bowing and presence of fracture or intraosseous lesion. [4] Pathogenesis of CPT remains unclear.
limb length discrepancy (evaluated by placing the child in a supine position with the hips and knees flexed [unequal knee heights might be noticed – the Galeazzi sign]), and; restricted hip abduction. Sometimes during an exam a "click" or more precisely "clunk" in the hip may be detected [24] (although not all clicks indicate hip dysplasia). [25]
Clinical feature: presents after the child has started walking but before six years of age. Usually associated with a painless hip due to mild abductor weakness and mild limb length discrepancy. If there is a bilateral involvement the child might have a waddling gait or trendelenburg gait with an increased lumbar lordosis.
Leg lengthening procedures are more painful, involving the insertion of pins to be turned, moving parts of the bone apart (Ilizarov's method). This process is reserved mainly for patients with a discrepancy greater than 4 centimetres (1.6 in) although some leg lengthening procedures are now done cosmetically.
Klein's line or the line of Klein is a virtual line that can be drawn on an X-ray of an adolescent's hip parallel to the anatomically upper edge of the femoral neck.It was the first tool to aid in the early diagnosis of a slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), which if treated late or left untreated leads to crippling arthritis, leg length discrepancy and lost range of motion.
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Common complications that can arise include leg-length discrepancy, joint contracture, growth retardation, low bone mineral density, and macrophage activation syndrome. [6] Some causes or potential risk factors denoting a higher chance of developing childhood arthritis have been identified. [7]