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Neural Polar Decoders (NPDs) [14] are an advancement in channel coding that combine neural networks (NNs) with polar codes, providing unified decoding for channels with or without memory, without requiring an explicit channel model. They use four neural networks to approximate the functions of polar decoding: the embedding (E) NN, the check ...
In linear algebra, a column vector with elements is an matrix [1] consisting of a single column of entries, for example, = [].. Similarly, a row vector is a matrix for some , consisting of a single row of entries, = […]. (Throughout this article, boldface is used for both row and column vectors.)
For example, a table of 128 rows with a Boolean column requires 128 bytes a row-oriented format (one byte per Boolean) but 128 bits (16 bytes) in a column-oriented format (via a bitmap). Another example is the use of run-length encoding to encode a column.
In this matrix, each row represents one of the three parity-check constraints, while each column represents one of the six bits in the received codeword. In this example, the eight codewords can be obtained by putting the parity-check matrix H into this form [ − P T | I n − k ] {\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}-P^{T}|I_{n-k}\end{bmatrix ...
If K is a finite field of odd characteristic the absolute points also form a quadric, but if the characteristic is even the absolute points form a hyperplane (this is an example of a pseudo polarity). Under any duality, the point P is called the pole of the hyperplane P ⊥, and this hyperplane is called the polar of the point P. Using this ...
South Korea’s parliament voted to impeach President Yoon Suk Yeol on Saturday in an extraordinary rebuke that came about after his own ruling party turned on him following his refusal to resign ...
“Do you guys know what they pay us?” Davidson said. “It’s like $3,000 an episode. I got dinner.” At first, it sounded like a lot of money.
To add one to your home this year, you can buy a Tiffany lamp from a modern artisan or search thrift stores for a vintage one. However, if you want an authentic piece from Tiffany Studios, be ...