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Unlike works of the U.S. government, works produced by contractors under government contracts are protected under U.S. copyright law [disputed (for: only true at times) – discuss]. The holdership of the copyright depends on the terms of the contract and the type of work undertaken.
That is, copyright protection requires creativity, and no amount of hard work ("sweat of the brow") can transform a non-creative list (like an alphabetical listing of phone numbers) into copyrightable subject matter. A mechanical, non-selective collection of facts (e.g., alphabetized phone numbers) cannot be protected by copyright. [10]
Definitions of the boundaries of the public domain in relation to copyright, or intellectual property more generally, regard the public domain as a negative space; that is, it consists of works that are no longer in copyright term or were never protected by copyright law. [16]
The basic right when a work is protected by copyright is that the holder may determine and decide how and under what conditions the protected work may be used by others. This includes the right to decide to distribute the work for free.
US federal government works—defined as any "work prepared by an officer or employee of the United States Government as part of that person’s official duties" [4] and including works prepared by the governments of the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, [5] and US organized territories [6] —are not eligible for copyright protection ...
The Norwegian copyright act does not address public domain directly. The Norwegian copyright law defines two basic rights for authors: economic rights and moral rights. [..] For material that is outside the scope of copyright, the phrase «i det fri» («in the free») is used. This corresponds roughly to the term «public domain» in English ...
The scope of copyright limitations and exceptions became a subject of societal and political debate within various nations in the late 1990s and early 2000s, largely due to the impact of digital technology, the changes in national copyright legislations for compliance with TRIPS, and the enactment of anti-circumvention rules in response to the ...
^ The term of copyright protection in most countries runs until December 31 in a given year: see, for example, Article 7(5) of the Berne Convention. The relevant provision of US law is "Duration of copyright: Terminal date", 17 U.S.C. §305. ^ Pub. L. No. 103-465, 108 Stat. 4809.
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