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The diagnosis of a breath-holding spell is made clinically. A good history including the sequence of events, lack of incontinence and no postictal phase, help to make an accurate diagnosis. Some families are advised to make a video recording of the events to aid diagnosis. An electrocardiogram (ECG) may rule out cardiac arrhythmia as a cause. [1]
Infantile apnea is a rare disease that is characterized by cessation of breathing in an infant for at least 20 seconds or a shorter respiratory pause that is associated with a slow heart rate, bluish discolouration of the skin, extreme paleness, gagging, choking and/or decreased muscle tone.
Over 50% of infants who are born preterm are estimated to be affected by apnea of prematurity. [2] Infants who are born weighing less than 1000g have close to a 100% risk of being affected by apnea of prematurity. Most premature infants are affected by 'central' apnea due to the developmental stage of their respiratory tract. [2]
Apnea (also spelled apnoea in British English) [1] is the temporary cessation of breathing.During apnea, there is no movement of the muscles of inhalation, [citation needed] and the volume of the lungs initially remains unchanged.
Do not allow smoking around the baby. Don't smoke before or after the birth of the baby and make sure no one smokes around the baby. Don't let the baby get too warm during sleep. Keep the baby warm during sleep, but not too warm. The baby's room should be at a temperature that is comfortable for an adult.
Perinatal asphyxia happens in 2 to 10 per 1000 newborns that are born at term, and more for those that are born prematurely. [1] WHO estimates that 4 million neonatal deaths occur yearly due to birth asphyxia, representing 38% of deaths of children under 5 years of age.
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However in two phase 3, double-blind, randomized, controlled trials involving adults with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea and obesity, tirzepatide for 52 weeks substantially reduced apneic-hypopnic events, body weight, hypoxic burden, hsCRP concentration, and systolic blood pressure, and it improved sleep-related patient-reported ...