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Models of disability are analytic tools in disability studies used to articulate different ways disability is conceptualized by individuals and society broadly. [1] [2] Disability models are useful for understanding disagreements over disability policy, [2] teaching people about ableism, [3] providing disability-responsive health care, [3] and articulating the life experiences of disabled people.
John O'Brien is a leading thinker who has written widely in the field of disability. [2] [3] He is a pioneer and lifelong advocate of Person Centred Planning. [4] To this end, he was co-developer of two models for person centred planning, namely the McGill Action Planning System (MAPS) [5] and Planning Alternative Tomorrows with Hope (PATH). [6]
James I. Charlton is an American author, disability rights activist, and Executive Vice President of Access Living in Chicago. [1] He holds that disability is socially constructed. [2] He created a model of the disability rights movement that differentiates between a number of different kinds of organizations.
The disability rights movement is a global [1] [2] [3] social movement that seeks to secure equal opportunities and equal rights for all people with disabilities. [4]It is made up of organizations of disability activists, also known as disability advocates, around the world working together with similar goals and demands, such as: accessibility and safety in architecture, transportation, and ...
The social model of disability diverges from the dominant medical model of disability, which is a functional analysis of the body as a machine to be fixed in order to conform with normative values. [1] The medical model of disability carries with it a negative connotation, with negative labels associated with disabled people. [2]
The consumer model of disability is based upon the "rights-based" model and claims that disabled people should have equal rights and access to products, goods, and services offered by businesses. The consumer model extends the rights-based model by proposing that businesses, not only accommodate customers with disabilities under the ...
The Independent Living Movement [2] grew out of the disability rights movement, which began in the 1960s.The IL Movement works at replacing the special education and rehabilitation experts' concepts of integration, normalization and rehabilitation with a new paradigm developed by people with disabilities themselves. [3]
The Union of the Physically Impaired Against Segregation (UPIAS) was an early disability rights organisation in the United Kingdom. It established the principles that led to the development of the social model of disability, wherein a sharp distinction is made between impairment and disability. From the organisation's policy statement: "What we ...